WARNING

Desmopressin Nasal is a medication used primarily for the treatment of diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting). Like any medication, it carries certain risks and considerations:

• Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance: Desmopressin can cause fluid retention and electrolyte imbalance, especially hyponatremia (low sodium levels). This risk is higher in elderly patients and those with conditions that predispose them to fluid imbalance.
• Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to desmopressin nasal spray, which can range from mild itching or rash to severe reactions such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face and throat.
• Nasal Irritation: Common side effects include nasal discomfort, congestion, and irritation. Long-term use may lead to nasal septum damage or ulceration.
• Hyponatremia: Inappropriate dosing or excessive fluid intake while on desmopressin can lead to dangerously low sodium levels (hyponatremia), which can cause symptoms ranging from headache and nausea to confusion, seizures, or coma in severe cases.
• Drug Interactions: Desmopressin can interact with other medications, particularly those that affect fluid balance or kidney function, potentially leading to adverse effects.
• Caution in Certain Populations: It should be used with caution in individuals with conditions such as congestive heart failure, renal impairment, or cystic fibrosis, as they may be more susceptible to fluid retention and electrolyte disturbances.
• Overdose Risk: Overdose or incorrect administration of desmopressin can lead to severe consequences such as water intoxication and hyponatremia.

Patients taking desmopressin nasal spray should follow their healthcare provider’s instructions carefully, especially regarding dosage and fluid intake recommendations, to minimize these risks. Regular monitoring and communication with a healthcare provider are essential to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Desmopressin Nasal is prescribed for several medical conditions:

• Diabetes Insipidus: It is used to treat central diabetes insipidus, a condition where the kidneys are unable to conserve water due to a deficiency of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).
• Nocturnal Enuresis: Desmopressin Nasal is also prescribed for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting) in children and adults. It helps reduce nighttime urine production and allows individuals to sleep without interruption due to bed-wetting.
• Other Conditions: In some cases, it may be used off-label for conditions such as primary nocturnal polyuria (excessive nighttime urination) and cranial diabetes insipidus.

How should this medicine be used?

Desmopressin Nasal is typically administered as a nasal spray. Here are general guidelines for its use:

• Dosage: The dosage prescribed will vary depending on the condition being treated, age of the patient, and response to the medication. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by the healthcare provider.
• Administration:
  • Blow your nose gently to clear the nasal passages before using the spray.
  • Shake the bottle gently before each use.
  • Insert the spray nozzle into one nostril while keeping your head upright.
  • Close the other nostril with your finger and tilt your head slightly forward.
  • Spray the medication into your nostril, taking care to inhale gently through your nose.
  • Repeat the process for the other nostril if a second spray is prescribed.
• Timing:
  • For diabetes insipidus, the dosage is often split into multiple doses throughout the day to maintain a steady level of the medication in the body.
  • For nocturnal enuresis, the medication is usually administered in the evening, shortly before bedtime.
• Follow-up: Regular follow-up visits with your healthcare provider are important to monitor the effectiveness of the medication and to adjust the dosage if necessary. Blood tests to monitor electrolyte levels may also be recommended.
• Hydration: It’s important to drink fluids only when thirsty while taking desmopressin to prevent overhydration, which can lead to serious side effects like hyponatremia.

Always consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have any questions about the proper use of Desmopressin Nasal or if you experience any side effects or concerns while using the medication.

Other uses for this medicine

• Primary Nocturnal Polyuria: Desmopressin can help reduce nighttime urine production in individuals with primary nocturnal polyuria, a condition where excessive urine is produced during the night.
• Von Willebrand Disease: It is sometimes used to treat bleeding episodes in patients with mild to moderate forms of von Willebrand disease, a bleeding disorder.
• Haemophilia: In some cases, Desmopressin may be used to manage bleeding in patients with mild forms of haemophilia A.

What special precautions should I follow?

When using Desmopressin Nasal, certain precautions should be observed to ensure safe and effective treatment:

• Hyponatremia Risk: Desmopressin can cause fluid retention, leading to low sodium levels (hyponatremia). To minimize this risk, it’s crucial to follow the prescribed dosage carefully and avoid excessive fluid intake while taking the medication.
• Fluid Intake: Drink fluids only when thirsty while taking Desmopressin to prevent overhydration and hyponatremia.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of electrolytes, particularly sodium levels, may be necessary, especially during initial treatment or dosage adjustments.
• Medical Conditions: Inform your healthcare provider if you have any medical conditions, especially heart disease, kidney problems, or conditions that affect fluid balance, as these may affect how your body responds to Desmopressin.
• Children and Elderly: Use caution when administering Desmopressin Nasal to children and elderly patients, as they may be more sensitive to its effects, particularly fluid retention and electrolyte imbalance.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, as certain medications may interact with Desmopressin, potentially affecting its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.
• Allergic Reactions: If you have had allergic reactions to Desmopressin or any components of the nasal spray in the past, inform your healthcare provider before starting treatment.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Discuss with your healthcare provider the risks and benefits of using Desmopressin Nasal if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.

Following these precautions can help ensure that Desmopressin Nasal is used safely and effectively for its intended purposes, minimizing the risk of complications. Always consult with your healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions about the use of this medication.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Desmopressin Nasal. However, it is important to:

• Maintain a balanced diet.
• Avoid excessive fluid intake to prevent overhydration and potential complications like hyponatremia.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of Desmopressin Nasal:

• Take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose.
• If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Desmopressin Nasal, like any medication, can cause side effects. The most common side effects include:

• Nasal Irritation: This can manifest as nasal congestion, discomfort, or irritation at the site of application.
• Headache: Some individuals may experience headaches while using Desmopressin Nasal.
• Nausea: Feeling nauseous or having an upset stomach is another possible side effect.
• Runny Nose: This can occur as a result of using the nasal spray.
• Nosebleeds: In some cases, Desmopressin Nasal may cause minor nosebleeds.
• Abdominal Pain: Some individuals may experience abdominal discomfort or pain.
• Water Retention: Desmopressin can cause fluid retention, which may lead to swelling (edema) in some individuals.
• Hyponatremia: This is a potentially serious side effect where low sodium levels in the blood can occur due to excessive fluid retention. Symptoms may include headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or coma.
• Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Desmopressin Nasal. Symptoms can include rash, itching or swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, or trouble breathing.
• Other: Less common side effects may include dizziness, flushing, or changes in blood pressure.

It’s important to note that not everyone experiences these side effects, and some individuals may tolerate Desmopressin Nasal well without any adverse reactions. If you notice any unusual or persistent side effects while using this medication, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider promptly. They can provide guidance on managing side effects or adjust your treatment regimen if needed.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and disposal of Desmopressin Nasal:

• Storage:
  • Store Desmopressin Nasal spray at room temperature, away from light and moisture.
  • Do not freeze the medication.
  • Keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use.
  • Store it out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal:
  • Dispose of unused or expired Desmopressin Nasal spray according to local guidelines and regulations.
  • Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so.
  • If unsure about disposal, consult your pharmacist or healthcare provider for proper disposal instructions.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Contact emergency medical services (911) immediately.
• Symptoms of overdose may include severe headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, drowsiness, and in severe cases, seizures or coma.
• If possible, provide information about the amount of medication ingested and the time it was taken.
• Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.

What other information should I know?

• Follow-up: Regular follow-up visits with your healthcare provider are important to monitor your response to Desmopressin Nasal and to adjust the dosage if necessary.
• Blood Tests: Your healthcare provider may order periodic blood tests to monitor electrolyte levels, especially sodium, while you are taking Desmopressin Nasal.
• Avoid Overhydration: It’s important to drink fluids only when thirsty while using Desmopressin Nasal to avoid overhydration, which can lead to serious side effects like hyponatremia.
• Inform Healthcare Providers: Make sure all healthcare providers (doctors, dentists, surgeons, etc.) are aware that you are using Desmopressin Nasal, especially before any surgical procedures or dental work.
• Allergic Reactions: Be vigilant for signs of allergic reactions while using Desmopressin Nasal, such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. Seek immediate medical attention if any of these symptoms occur.
• Travel: If you are traveling, ensure you have an adequate supply of Desmopressin Nasal and carry it with you in your carry-on luggage, especially if you are traveling by air.
• Patient Information: Read the patient information leaflet provided with your medication for detailed instructions and important safety information.

By following these guidelines and staying informed about Desmopressin Nasal, you can help ensure safe and effective use of the medication for your condition. Always consult your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about your treatment.