Why is this medication prescribed?

Avastin (generic name: bevacizumab) is prescribed for several types of cancer and certain other conditions. Its primary use is to inhibit the growth of blood vessels that supply tumors with nutrients, essentially starving the tumor and slowing its growth. Avastin is used to treat various types of cancers, including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, and ovarian cancer. It’s often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. In certain cases, Avastin is used off-label to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other eye conditions by reducing abnormal blood vessel growth in the eye. For brain tumors like glioblastoma, Avastin can be used to manage symptoms and potentially extend survival. The drug works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that promotes the growth of new blood vessels. This can help in slowing down or stopping the growth of tumors and abnormal blood vessels.

How should this medicine be used?

Avastin (bevacizumab) is administered as an intravenous infusion. Here’s how it’s typically used:

• Administration: Avastin is given through an IV in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital or clinic. The infusion is usually administered by a trained healthcare professional.
• Dosing Schedule: The dosing schedule can vary depending on the type of cancer being treated and the specific treatment plan. It’s often given every two to three weeks, but this can differ based on individual patient needs and responses.
• Pre-Infusion Testing: Before starting treatment, your healthcare provider may perform tests to determine the appropriate dosage and to check for any pre-existing conditions that might affect treatment.
• Monitoring: During the infusion, and for some time afterward, you’ll be monitored for any side effects or reactions. Regular follow-up appointments will be scheduled to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and to monitor for any adverse effects.
• Adherence: It’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and attend all scheduled appointments for Avastin infusions.

Always discuss the specifics of your treatment plan with your healthcare provider, as they will tailor it to your particular condition and overall health.

Other uses for this medicine

Besides its use in cancer treatment and off-label use for certain eye conditions like macular degeneration, Avastin (bevacizumab) can have other applications, though its primary indications are in oncology and ophthalmology.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions for Avastin:

• Allergic Reactions: Watch for signs of allergic reactions during or after the infusion, such as rash, itching, difficulty breathing, or swelling. Immediate medical attention may be required.
• Blood Pressure Monitoring: Avastin can cause high blood pressure or worsen existing hypertension. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is essential, and medications to control blood pressure may be necessary.
• Bleeding Risks: There is an increased risk of bleeding complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding or nosebleeds. Report any unusual bleeding or bruising to your healthcare provider immediately.
• Wound Healing: Avastin can impair wound healing. If you have surgery planned or recent wounds, inform your healthcare provider. They might recommend postponing Avastin treatment until proper healing has occurred.
• Heart Health: Be vigilant for signs of heart problems, such as chest pain or shortness of breath. Avastin can sometimes cause or worsen heart conditions.
• Proteinuria: Regular urine tests may be needed to check for protein in the urine, as Avastin can affect kidney function.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Be aware of symptoms like severe abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting, which can indicate gastrointestinal perforation, a rare but serious side effect.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Avastin should be used with caution during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It’s important to discuss potential risks with your healthcare provider.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s guidance and report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly. Regular monitoring and communication with your medical team are key to managing any risks associated with Avastin.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Avastin, but maintaining a balanced diet can help support overall health and well-being during treatment. However, always follow any additional dietary advice your healthcare provider may give, especially if you have specific health conditions or are on a special diet.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Take It as Soon as Remembered: If you remember shortly after missing the dose, take it as soon as possible.
• Skip If Close to Next Dose: If it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up to make up for a missed dose.
• Contact Your Healthcare Provider: If you’re unsure what to do, or if you miss multiple doses, consult your healthcare provider for guidance.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Avastin (bevacizumab) can cause a range of side effects, some of which can be serious. Common and less serious side effects include:

Common Side Effects:

• Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak.
• Nausea and Vomiting: These can often be managed with medication.
• Loss of Appetite: Changes in eating habits.
• Diarrhea: Can be managed with dietary adjustments or medication.
• Mouth Sores: Painful sores in the mouth.
• Hair Loss: Thinning or loss of hair.

Serious Side Effects:

• High Blood Pressure: Avastin can cause or worsen hypertension, which may require medication.
• Bleeding Complications: This includes nosebleeds, gastrointestinal bleeding, or bleeding in other parts of the body.
• Wound Healing Problems: Impaired wound healing or delayed recovery from surgery.
• Gastrointestinal Perforation: A rare but serious condition where a hole forms in the stomach or intestines, causing severe pain and requiring urgent medical attention.
• Heart Issues: Symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or swelling in the extremities could indicate heart problems.
• Kidney Problems: Manifested by proteinuria (high levels of protein in urine) and potential kidney dysfunction.
• Infusion Reactions: Reactions during or after the infusion, including fever, chills, and rash.
• Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, or swelling.
• Hair and Skin Changes: Changes in skin texture or hair thinning.
• Severe Bleeding: Such as blood in vomit or stools, or unusual bruising.
• Severe Abdominal Pain: Could indicate gastrointestinal perforation.
• Chest Pain or Severe Shortness of Breath: Could indicate heart issues.
• Signs of Allergic Reactions: Difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat.

Always report any new or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider. They can help manage side effects and adjust your treatment plan as needed.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Avastin:

• Storage:
  • Avastin should be stored in the refrigerator at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Do not freeze it.
  • Keep it in its original packaging to protect it from light. Avoid shaking the vial.
  • Check the expiration date on the label and do not use the medication past this date.
• Disposal:
  • Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for disposing of unused or expired Avastin. It should not be thrown away in household trash or flushed down the toilet.
  • Many communities have take-back programs for unused medications. Check with your local pharmacy or waste disposal authorities for proper disposal methods.
  • If Avastin needs to be disposed of, your healthcare provider or pharmacist may offer specific instructions or provide a disposal service.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Contact Healthcare Provider: If you suspect an overdose or experience severe side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately or go to the nearest emergency room.
• Signs of an Overdose: There is limited data on the specific symptoms of an Avastin overdose, but it could potentially exacerbate side effects like high blood pressure, bleeding, or gastrointestinal issues.
• Management: Treatment will focus on managing symptoms and may involve supportive care. Your healthcare provider will guide you through the appropriate steps.

What other information should I know?

• Regular Monitoring: Regular check-ups and tests will be necessary to monitor the effectiveness of Avastin and to check for any side effects.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, as Avastin may interact with other treatments.
• Inform Healthcare Providers: Let all healthcare providers know you are on Avastin, especially before any surgical or dental procedures.
• Personal Health History: Make sure your healthcare provider is aware of your complete health history, including any history of heart disease, high blood pressure, bleeding disorders, or kidney issues.
• Adherence to Schedule: Stick to the prescribed infusion schedule to maximize the effectiveness of the treatment and minimize the risk of side effects.

If you have any further questions or concerns about Avastin, your healthcare provider is the best source of information tailored to your specific situation.