Why is this medication prescribed?

Atazanavir (ATZ) is an antiretroviral medication used primarily to treat HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. It belongs to a class of drugs known as protease inhibitors. By inhibiting the protease enzyme, atazanavir helps prevent the virus from replicating and spreading in the body.

It is usually prescribed as part of a combination therapy regimen, alongside other HIV medications, to help control the virus and improve the immune system’s function. Effective treatment with atazanavir can reduce the viral load in the blood, lower the risk of HIV-related complications, and improve overall health and quality of life for individuals living with HIV.

How should this medicine be used?

Atazanavir (ATZ) should be used exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Here are some general guidelines for its use:

• Dosage: Follow the dosage instructions provided by your doctor. It’s typically taken once daily, with or without food.
• Administration: Swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water. Do not crush, chew, or break the tablets.
• Timing: Try to take it at the same time each day to help you remember and maintain consistent levels of the medication in your body.
• Food Interactions: Atazanavir should be taken with food to improve absorption. Avoid taking it with high-fat meals, as this can affect its effectiveness.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking, as atazanavir can interact with many other drugs.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose; do not double up to make up for a missed dose.
• Storage: Store atazanavir at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.

Always consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have any questions or concerns about using atazanavir.

Other uses for this medicine

Atazanavir is primarily used to treat HIV infection, but it may be used in specific situations related to HIV management:

• HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections: It can be part of a broader regimen to prevent or treat opportunistic infections that people with HIV might be more susceptible to.
• Prevention of HIV Transmission: In some cases, it may be used as part of a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimen for individuals at high risk of contracting HIV.

What special precautions should I follow?

When using atazanavir, consider the following precautions:

• Liver Health: Atazanavir can affect liver function. Regular liver function tests are important, especially if you have a history of liver disease or hepatitis.
• Kidney Function: It’s essential to monitor kidney function, as atazanavir may impact renal health.
• Drug Interactions: Be cautious with other medications. Atazanavir can interact with many drugs, including some antacids, proton pump inhibitors, and other HIV medications. Inform your healthcare provider of all other medications and supplements you are taking.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss with your healthcare provider whether atazanavir is appropriate for you. It is used in pregnancy under certain circumstances but requires careful consideration.
• Adherence to Therapy: Adherence to the prescribed regimen is crucial. Missing doses or taking them inconsistently can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure.
• Heart Conditions: If you have heart disease or high cholesterol, inform your healthcare provider, as atazanavir may affect cardiovascular health.
• Allergic Reactions: Watch for signs of allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, or swelling, and contact your healthcare provider if you experience any of these symptoms.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and consult them for personalized advice based on your health status and other medications.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Food: Take atazanavir with food to enhance absorption. A balanced meal is generally recommended.
• Avoid High-Fat Meals: While food is important, avoid high-fat meals as they can affect how well the medication is absorbed.
• Avoid Certain Supplements: Some over-the-counter supplements or herbal products might interact with atazanavir. Always check with your healthcare provider before taking any new supplements.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Take it as Soon as Possible: If you remember within a few hours of the missed dose, take it as soon as you remember.
• Skip If Close to Next Dose: If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose—do not double up to make up for a missed dose.
• Consult Your Healthcare Provider: If you’re unsure about what to do after missing a dose, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Atazanavir (ATZ) can cause a range of side effects. Some of the more common and serious ones include:

Common Side Effects:

• Digestive Issues: Nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal pain.
• Headache: Mild to moderate headaches.
• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak.
• Skin Rash: Rash or itching.

Serious Side Effects:

• Liver Problems: Symptoms may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, or abdominal pain. Regular liver function tests are recommended.
• Kidney Issues: Can affect kidney function; symptoms may include changes in urination.
• Heart Rhythm Changes: Can cause irregular heartbeats or a prolonged QT interval.
• Allergic Reactions: Severe allergic reactions such as swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing.
• Bone Density Loss: Long-term use can affect bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.
• Kidney Stones: Atazanavir may increase the risk of developing kidney stones, which can cause severe pain and other symptoms.

Less Common Side Effects:

• Elevated Cholesterol or Triglycerides: Changes in lipid levels can occur.
• Depression or Mood Changes: Some people may experience mood swings or depression.
• Fat Redistribution: Changes in body fat distribution may occur, sometimes leading to visible changes in body shape.

If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, it’s important to contact your healthcare provider immediately. Regular monitoring and communication with your healthcare provider can help manage and mitigate these risks.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage of Atazanavir (ATZ):

• Temperature: Store atazanavir at room temperature, typically between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
• Moisture: Keep the medication in its original container and protect it from moisture. Do not store in the bathroom or other humid areas.
• Light: Store away from direct sunlight.
• Children: Keep out of reach of children.

Disposal of Atazanavir (ATZ):

• Do Not Flush: Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so.
• Medication Take-Back Programs: Use medication take-back programs or events, which are often available at local pharmacies or community centers.
• Disposal Instructions: If no take-back programs are available, check for specific disposal instructions from your pharmacist or healthcare provider. Some medications have specific disposal guidelines.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Seek Immediate Medical Help: If you suspect an overdose, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
• Symptoms of Overdose: Symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or unusual tiredness. The specific effects of an overdose may vary.

What other information should I know?

• Regular Monitoring: Regular follow-up appointments are important to monitor your health and any side effects from the medication.
• Adherence: Consistently take the medication as prescribed to ensure its effectiveness and prevent resistance.
• Interactions: Keep your healthcare provider informed about any other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid potential interactions.
• Emergency Contact: Keep contact information for your healthcare provider handy in case you have any questions or experience problems.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s guidance and instructions for the safe use, storage, and disposal of your medications.