Why is this medication prescribed?

Efavirenz is prescribed primarily for the treatment of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection. It is an antiretroviral medication that belongs to a class of drugs called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Efavirenz works by inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme crucial for the replication of the HIV virus. By blocking this enzyme, Efavirenz helps to reduce the amount of HIV in the blood and helps maintain the immune system’s ability to fight off infections.

It is usually prescribed as part of a combination therapy regimen with other antiretroviral drugs to effectively manage HIV infection and prevent the development of drug resistance.

How should this medicine be used?

Efavirenz should be used according to your healthcare provider’s instructions. Here’s a general guide on how to use it:

• Dosage: Take Efavirenz exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. The usual dose for adults is 600 mg once daily, but the exact dose may vary based on individual factors.
• Administration: Efavirenz is typically taken as a tablet. Swallow the tablet whole with water. It can be taken with or without food. It is usually taken at bedtime to help minimize potential side effects like dizziness or vivid dreams, which can occur with this medication.
• Consistency: Take Efavirenz at the same time each day to maintain consistent levels in your bloodstream.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not double up to make up for a missed dose.
• Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications you are taking, as Efavirenz can interact with various drugs. Some interactions may require dose adjustments or additional monitoring.
• Monitoring: Regular medical check-ups and blood tests are necessary to monitor the effectiveness of the medication and to check for potential side effects.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s specific instructions and consult them if you have any questions or concerns about using Efavirenz.

Other uses for this medicine

Other Uses for Efavirenz:

• HIV Treatment: The primary use of Efavirenz is in combination with other antiretroviral medications to treat HIV infection. It is not used to prevent HIV infection or as a cure for AIDS.
• Pediatric Use: Efavirenz can also be prescribed for children with HIV, depending on their age, weight, and specific needs.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions for Efavirenz:

• Mental Health: Efavirenz can cause psychiatric side effects such as depression, anxiety, and hallucinations. Inform your healthcare provider if you have a history of mental health issues or experience significant mood changes.
• Pregnancy: Efavirenz is classified as a Category D medication for pregnancy, meaning there is evidence of potential harm to the fetus. It should generally be avoided during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
• Liver Function: Efavirenz can affect liver function. If you have liver disease or hepatitis, your doctor will monitor your liver function more closely.
• Drug Interactions: Efavirenz can interact with various medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Always inform your healthcare provider about all other medications and supplements you are taking.
• Allergies and Sensitivities: Report any allergic reactions or unusual side effects to your doctor. Efavirenz can cause skin rashes and other allergic reactions in some individuals.
• Adherence: It’s important to take Efavirenz exactly as prescribed to avoid developing drug-resistant strains of HIV. Skipping doses or not following the regimen can reduce the effectiveness of the treatment.
• Monitoring: Regular follow-up appointments and blood tests are essential to monitor your response to the medication and to check for any adverse effects.

Always discuss any concerns or potential issues with your healthcare provider to ensure that Efavirenz is used safely and effectively.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Efavirenz can be taken with or without food. There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Efavirenz, but maintaining a balanced diet is important for overall health.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Timing: If you remember within 12 hours of the missed dose, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule.
• Do Not Double Dose: Do not take two doses at the same time to make up for a missed dose.
• Contact Healthcare Provider: If you miss doses frequently or have concerns about missed doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Efavirenz can cause a range of side effects. Some of the common and serious side effects include:

Common Side Effects:

• Central Nervous System Effects: Dizziness, headache, insomnia, vivid dreams, or nightmares.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, diarrhea, or rash.
• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak.

Serious Side Effects:

• Psychiatric Symptoms: Depression, anxiety, hallucinations, or mood changes.
• Liver Problems: Hepatitis or liver enzyme abnormalities. Symptoms might include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, or abdominal pain.
• Skin Reactions: Severe rash, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, which are rare but serious conditions.
• Allergic Reactions: Severe allergic reactions can include swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, and difficulty breathing.
• Lipid Changes: Changes in cholesterol or triglyceride levels.
• Immune System Effects: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which is a reaction to previously undiagnosed infections when the immune system begins to recover.

If you experience any of these serious side effects or have concerns about your symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately. For less severe side effects, you should still inform your healthcare provider to determine whether any adjustments to your treatment are needed.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Efavirenz:

• Storage:
  • Store Efavirenz at room temperature, away from moisture and heat, typically between 59°F and 77°F (15°C to 25°C).
  • Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed to protect it from moisture.
  • Store Efavirenz out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal:
  • Dispose of any unused or expired Efavirenz properly. Do not flush it down the toilet or pour it down the drain.
  • Utilize drug take-back programs or events if available in your area. These programs safely dispose of medications.
  • Follow any specific disposal instructions provided by your pharmacist or included with the medication.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Symptoms: Symptoms of an overdose might include severe dizziness, drowsiness, or symptoms of liver problems (such as jaundice or abdominal pain).
• Seek Medical Help: Contact emergency medical services or go to the nearest emergency room immediately if you suspect an overdose.
• Provide Information: Provide details about the amount of Efavirenz taken and the time of ingestion to medical personnel.

What other information should I know?

• Regular Monitoring: Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider is essential to monitor your response to the medication and check for any side effects or interactions.
• Adherence: Consistent use of Efavirenz as prescribed is crucial for its effectiveness in managing HIV and preventing drug resistance.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid interactions.
• Psychiatric Monitoring: Be aware of potential psychiatric side effects and discuss any changes in mood or behavior with your healthcare provider.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Discuss with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, as Efavirenz has specific considerations in these situations.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s advice and consult them if you have any questions or concerns about your medication.