Why is this medication prescribed?

Atovaquone is prescribed to treat and prevent certain types of pneumonia caused by the Pneumocystis jirovecii fungus (previously known as Pneumocystis carinii), commonly referred to as Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). It is often used for people who cannot tolerate or are resistant to other treatments, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Atovaquone works by interfering with the energy production of these organisms, thereby inhibiting their growth and replication.

How should this medicine be used?

Atovaquone is an antiprotozoal medication used primarily for the treatment and prevention of certain parasitic infections. Here’s how it’s generally used:

• Dosage: Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for dosage. It can vary based on the condition being treated. Typically, it’s taken as 750 mg twice daily for 21 days
• Administration: Atovaquone is usually taken orally in the form of tablets or liquid suspension. It should be taken with food to improve absorption.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up to make up for a missed dose.
• Duration: Continue taking Atovaquone for the full prescribed length of time, even if you feel better before finishing the medication.
• Storage: Store Atovaquone at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
• Side Effects: Common side effects can include nausea, diarrhea, and headache. Report any severe or persistent side effects to your healthcare provider.

Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and to ensure that Atovaquone is the right medication for your condition.

Other uses for this medicine

Atovaquone is also used to treat:

• Babesiosis: A parasitic infection caused by Babesia species, which is often transmitted through tick bites.
• Toxoplasmosis (off-label use): Atovaquone is used to treat toxoplasmosis, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems who cannot tolerate other treatments.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions for Atovaquone:

• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider if you have any allergies to Atovaquone or any other medications.
• Liver or Kidney Disease: Use Atovaquone with caution if you have liver or kidney disease, as your condition may affect how the medication is processed in your body.
• Drug Interactions: Be aware of potential interactions with other medications. For example, certain drugs can affect how Atovaquone is metabolized, including some antibiotics and medications used for HIV/AIDS. Always inform your healthcare provider about all the medications and supplements you are taking.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Discuss with your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. The effects of Atovaquone during pregnancy and breastfeeding are not well-established, so the potential risks and benefits should be considered.
• Food Interactions: Atovaquone should be taken with food to increase its absorption. Avoid taking it on an empty stomach as it may reduce the effectiveness of the medication.
• Dosage and Compliance: Adhere strictly to the prescribed dosage and schedule. Missing doses or taking incorrect amounts can affect the effectiveness of the treatment and may lead to drug resistance or treatment failure.
• Side Effects: Monitor for side effects and report any severe or persistent symptoms to your healthcare provider. Common side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, and headache.
• Monitoring: Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider may be necessary to monitor the effectiveness of the medication and check for any potential adverse effects.

If you have any specific concerns or need guidance on how to manage these precautions, it’s always best to consult with your healthcare provider.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Take with Food: Atovaquone should be taken with food or a milky drink to enhance its absorption. This helps the body absorb the medication more effectively.
• Avoid Empty Stomach: Do not take Atovaquone on an empty stomach, as this can significantly reduce its effectiveness.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• If You Remember Soon: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time of your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose—do not double up to make up for a missed dose.
• If It’s Almost Time for Your Next Dose: If it’s almost time for your next dose, just skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule.
• Regular Dosing: Always try to take your medication at the same time each day to help keep track of doses and reduce the likelihood of missing one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Atovaquone can cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common and less common side effects include:

Common Side Effects:

• Gastrointestinal Issues:
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain
• Headache: Mild to moderate headaches are possible.
• Fever: Some people may experience fever.

Less Common Side Effects:

• Rash: Skin rash or itching can occur.
• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak.
• Liver Effects: Elevated liver enzymes (detected through blood tests). Symptoms of liver issues can include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, or pale stools.
• Breathing Issues: Shortness of breath or cough.
• Mood Changes: Uncommon mood changes, including anxiety or irritability.
• Severe Allergic Reactions: Symptoms may include severe rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing. This requires immediate medical attention.
• Severe Liver Problems: Symptoms like severe jaundice, unusual tiredness, or abdominal pain may indicate serious liver issues and require prompt medical evaluation.

If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately. They can provide guidance on managing these effects and determine if any adjustments to your treatment are necessary.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Atovaquone:

• Storage: Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Keep the bottle tightly closed.
• Disposal: Dispose of Atovaquone according to your local pharmacy or hospital guidelines. Many areas have drug take-back programs or designated disposal locations. Do not flush Atovaquone down the toilet or pour it into a drain unless instructed to do so by a medication disposal program or local guidelines.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Signs of Overdose: Symptoms of an overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Contact Emergency Services: If you suspect an overdose, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center right away.
• Provide Information: Be prepared to provide information on the amount of Atovaquone taken, the time it was taken, and any symptoms experienced.

What other information should I know?

• Adherence to Treatment: Ensure you follow the prescribed dosage and schedule. Inconsistent use can affect treatment effectiveness and may lead to drug resistance or treatment failure.
• Regular Monitoring: Your healthcare provider may schedule regular follow-ups to monitor your response to the medication and check for any potential side effects.
• Drug Interactions: Keep your healthcare provider informed of all other medications, supplements, and over-the-counter drugs you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Allergic Reactions: Be aware of and report any signs of allergic reactions or severe side effects to your healthcare provider.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Discuss with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, as the safety of Atovaquone in these situations should be evaluated.

If you have any further questions or concerns about Atovaquone or need additional guidance, your healthcare provider is the best resource for personalized advice.