WARNING

While estrogen and progestin combination oral contraceptives are generally safe and effective for many women, they do come with some associated risks. It’s crucial to discuss these risks with a healthcare provider before starting or continuing the use of oral contraceptives. Some key risks include:

• Blood Clot Formation: Estrogen-containing contraceptives may increase the risk of blood clot formation (thromboembolism). This risk is higher in women who smoke, are over 35 years old, or have other risk factors.
• Cardiovascular Risks: Women with a history of cardiovascular issues or high blood pressure may face an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
• Increased Blood Pressure: Estrogen-containing contraceptives may cause a slight increase in blood pressure.
• Breast Cancer: There is ongoing research on the potential link between oral contraceptives and breast cancer. Women with a history of breast cancer or other risk factors should discuss these concerns with their healthcare provider.
• Liver Issues: There is a small risk of liver-related issues, particularly in women with pre-existing liver conditions.
• Mood Changes: Some women may experience changes in mood, including depression or mood swings.
• Weight Changes: While weight gain is a commonly cited concern, the evidence linking oral contraceptives to significant weight gain is limited.
• Headaches: Headaches can occur, and if severe or persistent, they should be addressed with a healthcare provider.
• Eye Issues: Changes in vision or tolerance to contact lenses may occur.

It’s important to note that the risks associated with oral contraceptives can vary based on individual health factors and medical history. The benefits of contraception and management of specific health conditions should be weighed against potential risks. Women are encouraged to have open and thorough discussions with their healthcare providers to make informed decisions about the use of oral contraceptives based on their unique health profiles. Regular check-ups and monitoring are essential to ensure the ongoing safety and efficacy of the chosen contraceptive method.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Estrogen and progestin, commonly found in combination in oral contraceptives (birth control pills), are prescribed for several reasons, with the primary goal being the prevention of pregnancy. Here are the key reasons why healthcare providers prescribe estrogen and progestin contraceptives:

• Contraception: The primary purpose is to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the endometrial lining.
• Regulation of Menstrual Cycles: Oral contraceptives help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce irregular bleeding, and alleviate menstrual symptoms.
• Treatment of Menstrual Disorders: They are prescribed for conditions like dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, and irregular menstrual cycles.
• Acne Management: Certain oral contraceptives can be effective in treating acne by regulating hormones that contribute to skin issues.
• Management of PMS and PMDD: They can help alleviate symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Oral contraceptives are used to regulate menstrual cycles and manage symptoms in women with PCOS.
• Endometriosis Management: They may be prescribed to manage symptoms and reduce the growth of endometrial tissue.
• Ovarian Cyst Prevention: Some may be prescribed to help prevent the formation of ovarian cysts.

How should this medicine be used?

It’s crucial to follow the prescribed instructions provided by the healthcare provider, as individual circumstances can vary. However, here are general guidelines for using estrogen and progestin oral contraceptives:

• Start Date: Begin taking the first pill on the first day of your menstrual period or as directed by your healthcare provider. This helps provide immediate contraceptive protection.
• Daily Schedule: Take one pill at the same time every day. Most oral contraceptives come in a 21-day or 28-day pack. The 21-day pack typically contains active pills, while the 28-day pack includes a week of placebo or inactive pills.
• Follow the Pack Instructions: If you are using a 21-day pack, take one active pill daily for 21 days, then have a 7-day break before starting a new pack. If you are using a 28-day pack, take one active pill daily for 21 days and then take the placebo pills for the next 7 days.
• Missed Pills: If you miss a pill, follow the instructions provided with your medication or consult your healthcare provider. Missing pills can reduce the effectiveness of the contraceptive.
• Additional Protection: If you start a new pack late or miss several pills, additional contraceptive measures (such as condoms) may be needed to prevent pregnancy.

It’s important to attend regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your health and discuss any concerns or changes in your health while using oral contraceptives. Always inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking and any changes in your health status.

Other uses for this medicine

• Menstrual Irregularities: Birth control pills are sometimes prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
• Acne Treatment: Certain oral contraceptives are FDA-approved for treating acne in women.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Birth control pills can help manage symptoms of PCOS, such as irregular periods and acne.
• Endometriosis: They may be used to alleviate pain and discomfort associated with endometriosis.

What special precautions should I follow?

When using estrogen and progestin combination oral contraceptives, it’s important to take certain precautions and be aware of potential risks. Here are some special precautions to consider:

• Smoking: Smoking while taking oral contraceptives increases the risk of cardiovascular side effects. Women who smoke, especially those over 35, are generally advised not to use combined hormonal contraceptives.
• Age and Health Status: The suitability of oral contraceptives can depend on factors such as age, overall health, and medical history. It’s crucial to discuss these factors with a healthcare provider before starting or continuing the use of oral contraceptives.
• Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider about any existing medical conditions, including a history of blood clots, cardiovascular issues, liver disease, breast cancer, or other significant health concerns.
• Drug Interactions: Some medications and herbal supplements may interact with oral contraceptives, reducing their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking.
• Monitoring: Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are important to monitor blood pressure, weight, and overall health while using oral contraceptives.
• Missed Pills: Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or on the medication package if you miss a pill. Additional contraceptive measures may be needed if pills are missed.

Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance based on your specific health needs and circumstances.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are generally no specific dietary restrictions associated with the use of oral contraceptives. However, it’s essential to maintain a healthy and balanced diet for overall well-being. If you have concerns about your diet in relation to your contraceptive use, consult your healthcare provider.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of your oral contraceptive, follow these general guidelines:

• Combination Pills (Estrogen and Progestin): Take the missed pill as soon as you remember, even if it means taking two pills on the same day. Continue taking the remaining pills at the usual time. If you miss two or more pills, follow the instructions provided with your medication or consult your healthcare provider. Additional contraceptive measures may be needed.
• Progestin-Only Pills (Mini Pills): If you are more than 3 hours late in taking a progestin-only pill, take it as soon as you remember, and use backup contraception (such as condoms) for the next 48 hours. If you miss more than one pill, follow the instructions provided with your medication or consult your healthcare provider.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Estrogen and progestin combination oral contraceptives, like any medication, can potentially cause side effects. It’s important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and some individuals may tolerate oral contraceptives well. Common side effects include:

• Nausea: Some women may experience nausea, especially when first starting oral contraceptives. Taking the pill with food or before bedtime may help alleviate this side effect.
• Breast Tenderness: Breast tenderness or enlargement may occur. This side effect is usually temporary and tends to resolve with time.
• Headaches: Headaches are a possible side effect. If headaches become severe or persistent, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider.
• Mood Changes: Changes in mood, including mood swings or feelings of depression, have been reported by some women. If mood changes are significant, it’s essential to discuss them with a healthcare provider.
• Weight Changes: Some women may experience changes in weight, either an increase or decrease. However, the evidence linking oral contraceptives to significant weight gain is limited.
• Changes in Libido: Changes in sexual desire or libido can occur in some individuals.
• Menstrual Irregularities:While oral contraceptives are often prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, some women may experience breakthrough bleeding or spotting, especially during the first few months of use.
• Blood Pressure Changes:Estrogen-containing contraceptives may lead to a slight increase in blood pressure. Regular blood pressure monitoring is recommended.
• Eye Changes: Contact lens wearers may experience changes in vision or tolerance to contact lenses.
• Skin Changes: Skin changes, including melasma (darkening of the skin), may occur, particularly in women with a tendency for this condition.
• Blood Clot Risk: There is a small increased risk of blood clots (thromboembolism) associated with estrogen-containing contraceptives. This risk is higher in women who smoke, are over 35 years old, or have other risk factors.

It’s essential to discuss any concerns about side effects with your healthcare provider. Additionally, if you experience severe or persistent side effects, seek medical attention promptly. Serious side effects such as chest pain, shortness of breath, severe headaches, or visual disturbances should be addressed urgently. Every individual’s response to oral contraceptives can be different, so a healthcare provider can provide guidance based on your specific health history and needs.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal:

• Storage:
  • Store oral contraceptives at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Follow the specific storage instructions provided by the manufacturer or pharmacist.
• Disposal:
  • Dispose of unused or expired medications according to local guidelines and regulations. Do not flush medications down the toilet unless instructed to do so. Check with your pharmacist or local waste disposal facility for guidance on proper disposal.

In case of emergency/overdose

In the case of an emergency or suspected overdose, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of an overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and vaginal bleeding. The severity of symptoms can vary, and it’s crucial to get prompt medical help.

What other information should I know?

• Regular Check-ups: Attend regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your health and discuss any concerns related to the use of oral contraceptives.
• Medication Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, that you are taking. Some medications may interact with oral contraceptives.
• Missed Doses: Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or on the medication package if you miss a dose. If you are unsure about what to do, consult with your healthcare provider.
• Effectiveness: Oral contraceptives are most effective when taken consistently and correctly. It’s important to take the pills at the same time each day to maximize their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you become pregnant or are planning to become pregnant, consult your healthcare provider. While oral contraceptives are not recommended during pregnancy, stopping them abruptly may have implications, so guidance from a healthcare professional is crucial. If you are breastfeeding, discuss with your healthcare provider whether oral contraceptives are suitable for you.
• Blood Clot Risk: Oral contraceptives may be associated with a small increased risk of blood clots. Inform your healthcare provider if you have a history of blood clots or other risk factors.
• Routine Examinations: Women using oral contraceptives should undergo routine gynecological examinations, including breast exams and Pap smears, as advised by their healthcare provider.
• Self-Examinations: Perform regular breast self-exams and report any changes to your healthcare provider.
• Lifestyle Factors: Lifestyle factors, such as diet, exercise, and smoking, can impact overall health. Discuss lifestyle considerations with your healthcare provider.

Always follow the guidance of your healthcare provider and the instructions provided with your specific medication. If you have questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare professional for clarification and advice.