WARNING

Codeine is an opioid analgesic used to relieve mild to moderate pain and suppress cough. However, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with codeine use:

• Addiction and Dependence: Codeine is an opioid, and like other opioids, it carries a risk of dependence and addiction. Prolonged use or misuse can lead to physical and psychological dependence.
• Respiratory Depression: Opioids, including codeine, can cause respiratory depression, where breathing becomes slow and shallow. This risk is higher in individuals with respiratory conditions or those taking higher-than-prescribed doses.
• Tolerance: Over time, the body may develop tolerance to codeine, requiring higher doses to achieve the same pain-relieving effects. This can contribute to the risk of overdose.
• Constipation: Opioids commonly cause constipation, which can be bothersome and may require additional management.
• Sedation and Drowsiness: Codeine can cause drowsiness and impair cognitive function. It is important to avoid activities requiring mental alertness, such as driving, while taking codeine.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting as side effects of codeine use.
• Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions to codeine are rare but can occur. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing.
• Drug Interactions: Codeine can interact with other medications, including certain antidepressants or benzodiazepines, potentially leading to adverse effects or reduced efficacy.

It is crucial to take codeine only as prescribed by a healthcare professional, and individuals should be monitored for signs of misuse, dependence, or adverse reactions. If you experience any concerning side effects, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. Additionally, the use of codeine during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be discussed with a healthcare provider due to potential risks to the fetus or infant.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Codeine is an opioid analgesic, which means it is used for pain relief. It is often prescribed for the treatment of mild to moderate pain. Codeine works by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord called opioid receptors, which then modulate the perception of pain.

Here are some common reasons why Codeine may be prescribed:

• Pain Relief: Codeine is used to alleviate mild to moderate pain. It is often prescribed when over-the-counter pain medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, are not sufficient.
• Cough Suppression: Codeine is also used as an antitussive to help suppress coughing. It can be found in combination with other medications in cough syrups.

How should this medicine be used?

Here are general guidelines on how Codeine is commonly used:

• Prescription and Dosage: Codeine should only be used under the supervision and prescription of a qualified healthcare provider. The dosage will be determined based on the individual’s specific medical condition, response to treatment, and other factors.
• Administration: Codeine may be available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, or liquid formulations. It should be taken exactly as prescribed by the healthcare provider.
• Timing and Frequency: The medication is typically taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain relief or cough suppression. It’s essential to follow the prescribed schedule and not exceed the recommended dosage.
• Monitoring for Side Effects: Patients should be vigilant for any potential side effects, such as drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, or constipation. If these side effects become severe or persistent, medical attention should be sought.
• Avoid Alcohol and Other CNS Depressants: It is important to avoid consuming alcohol or using other central nervous system (CNS) depressants while taking codeine, as these substances can enhance the sedative effects and increase the risk of respiratory depression.
• Short-Term Use: Codeine is usually prescribed for short-term use to manage acute pain or temporary cough symptoms. Prolonged or inappropriate use can lead to dependence and other adverse effects.

Patients should communicate openly with their healthcare provider about their medical history, any other medications they are taking, and any concerns or side effects experienced during codeine treatment. It is crucial to use codeine responsibly and only as directed by a healthcare professional.

Other uses for this medicine

Some off-label uses of codeine may include:

• Migraine Headaches: Codeine may be prescribed in combination with other medications for the treatment of severe migraine headaches.
• Diarrhea: Codeine can have a constipating effect, and in some cases, it may be used to manage diarrhea.
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Codeine may be used to alleviate symptoms of diarrhea-predominant IBS.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions for Codeine Use:

• Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider of your complete medical history, especially if you have a history of respiratory conditions, liver or kidney problems, substance abuse, mental health disorders, or a previous allergic reaction to opioids.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Codeine use during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Opioids can pass into breast milk and may have adverse effects on the infant.
• Age Considerations: Codeine should be used with caution in the elderly, as they may be more sensitive to its effects, including respiratory depression.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, and other prescription medications, as codeine can interact with certain substances, leading to potentially harmful effects.
• Driving and Operating Machinery: Codeine can cause drowsiness and impair cognitive function. Avoid activities that require mental alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, until you know how codeine affects you.
• Avoid Alcohol and Sedatives: Combining codeine with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants can increase the risk of sedation and respiratory depression.
• Tapering Off Gradually: If codeine has been used for an extended period, it is generally advisable to taper off the medication gradually under the guidance of a healthcare professional to minimize withdrawal symptoms.

Always follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider and use codeine responsibly to minimize the risk of adverse effects and complications. If you have any concerns or experience unusual symptoms, consult your healthcare provider promptly.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with codeine use. However, it’s essential to maintain a healthy and balanced diet to support overall well-being. Additionally, staying well-hydrated is always important, but there are no specific dietary components that directly interact with codeine.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of codeine:

• Take It as Soon as You Remember: If it’s not close to the time of your next scheduled dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember.
• Skip the Missed Dose if it’s Almost Time for the Next Dose: If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Do Not Double Up on Doses: Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Taking more than the prescribed amount can increase the risk of side effects and complications.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Codeine, like other opioids, can cause various side effects. It’s important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and the severity can vary from person to person. Common side effects of codeine include:

• Drowsiness and Sedation: Codeine can cause drowsiness, which may impair cognitive and physical abilities. It’s important to avoid activities requiring alertness, such as driving, until you know how codeine affects you.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea and vomiting, are common with codeine use. Taking the medication with food may help alleviate these symptoms.
• Constipation: Opioids, including codeine, often cause constipation. Staying hydrated, increasing fiber intake, and engaging in regular physical activity can help manage this side effect.
• Lightheadedness or Dizziness: Codeine can cause lightheadedness or dizziness, particularly when standing up quickly. Changes in position should be made slowly to minimize this risk.
• Headache: Some individuals may experience headaches as a side effect of codeine.
• Dry Mouth: Opioids can lead to a dry mouth, and staying well-hydrated may help alleviate this symptom.
• Itching or Rash: In some cases, codeine use can lead to itching or a rash. If you experience severe allergic reactions, such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face, seek immediate medical attention.
• Respiratory Depression: In high doses or in sensitive individuals, codeine can cause respiratory depression, where breathing becomes slow and shallow. This is a serious side effect that requires immediate medical attention.
• Urinary Retention: Opioids can sometimes cause difficulty in urination or urinary retention.

It’s important to communicate with your healthcare provider if you experience any persistent or severe side effects. Additionally, the risks of codeine use should be carefully weighed against its benefits, and the medication should be used as directed by a healthcare professional to minimize the potential for adverse effects.

If you have a history of allergic reactions to opioids or other medications, inform your healthcare provider. Always seek medical attention if you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or severe itching.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Codeine:

• Storage: Keep codeine in its original packaging and store it at room temperature, away from excessive heat, moisture, and light. Follow any specific storage instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
• Secure Storage: Store codeine in a secure location, out of reach of children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion.
• Disposal: If you have unused or expired codeine, follow proper disposal guidelines. Many communities have specific instructions for the safe disposal of medications. Check with your local pharmacy, healthcare provider, or public health department for guidance.

In case of emergency/overdose

In the case of a suspected codeine overdose or emergency, seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms of overdose may include:

• Extreme drowsiness or difficulty waking up
• Confusion
• Slow or shallow breathing
• Bluish or clammy skin
• Pinpoint pupils

If someone is experiencing these symptoms or if you suspect an overdose, call emergency services (911 in the U.S.) immediately. It’s important to provide as much information as possible, including the amount of codeine ingested, if known.

What other information should I know?

• Follow Prescribed Dosage: Take codeine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose or use it for longer than prescribed.
• Avoid Alcohol and Other CNS Depressants: Codeine can enhance the sedative effects of alcohol and other central nervous system depressants. Avoid the use of alcohol and discuss the use of other medications with your healthcare provider.
• Inform Healthcare Provider of All Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements. Codeine can interact with certain substances, leading to potentially harmful effects.
• Allergic Reactions: If you have a known allergy to codeine or opioids, inform your healthcare provider immediately. Seek emergency medical attention if you experience signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing or swelling of the face.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Discuss the use of codeine during pregnancy or while breastfeeding with your healthcare provider. Opioids can pass into breast milk and may have adverse effects on the infant.
• Regular Monitoring: Keep regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your response to codeine and address any concerns or side effects.

Always consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist for personalized guidance based on your specific health conditions and medication regimen. It’s crucial to use codeine responsibly and be aware of potential risks and side effects.