WARNING

While Truvada can be an effective medication for HIV prevention (PrEP) and treatment, there are potential risks associated with its use. Some of the risks include:

• Kidney problems: Truvada may cause kidney problems, including decreased kidney function or kidney failure, particularly in individuals with pre-existing kidney issues or those taking other medications that can affect the kidneys.
• Bone density loss: Long-term use of Truvada may lead to decreased bone mineral density, which could increase the risk of fractures or osteoporosis.
• Liver problems: Truvada can cause liver problems, including liver toxicity or liver failure, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver disease.
• Lactic acidosis: In rare cases, Truvada may lead to a condition called lactic acidosis, characterized by an accumulation of lactic acid in the blood, which can be life-threatening.
• HIV drug resistance: If Truvada is not taken consistently or as prescribed, it may lead to the development of drug-resistant strains of HIV, making future HIV treatment more challenging.
• Risk of HIV transmission: While Truvada is highly effective at reducing the risk of HIV transmission when taken consistently, it is not 100% effective, and individuals taking Truvada for PrEP should still use other preventive measures, such as condoms, to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

It’s important for individuals considering taking Truvada to discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider. Regular monitoring and medical supervision are essential for individuals taking Truvada to mitigate potential risks and manage any adverse effects that may occur.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Truvada is a medication primarily prescribed for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection. It contains two active ingredients: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine.

• Treatment of HIV: Truvada is used in combination with other antiretroviral medications to treat HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 35 kg (approximately 77 pounds). It helps to reduce the amount of HIV in the body and prevent the virus from multiplying.
• Prevention of HIV: Truvada is also used as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection in adults who are at high risk of contracting the virus. When taken consistently and correctly, Truvada can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission.

How should this medicine be used?

Truvada is a medication used for HIV prevention (PrEP) and treatment. Here’s how it should be used for each purpose:

• HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP):
  • Truvada for PrEP should be taken once daily, preferably at the same time each day.
  • It’s important to take Truvada consistently every day to achieve maximum effectiveness in preventing HIV infection.
  • Truvada should be used in combination with other preventive measures, such as condoms, to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
  • Regular medical monitoring, including HIV testing and kidney function tests, is recommended while taking Truvada for PrEP.
• HIV Treatment:
  • Truvada is typically used as part of a multidrug regimen known as antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the treatment of HIV infection.
  • The dosage and administration of Truvada for HIV treatment may vary depending on the individual’s specific circumstances, including their overall health and other medications they may be taking.
  • It’s essential to take Truvada as prescribed by a healthcare provider experienced in the treatment of HIV.
  • Regular medical monitoring, including viral load testing and kidney function tests, is necessary during HIV treatment with Truvada.

Regardless of whether Truvada is being used for PrEP or HIV treatment, it’s crucial to follow the prescribing healthcare provider’s instructions carefully. Truvada should be taken with or without food, but it’s important to maintain consistent dosing to achieve optimal effectiveness and minimize the risk of adverse effects. If any side effects or concerns arise while using Truvada, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider promptly.

Other uses for this medicine

In addition to its primary uses for HIV prevention (PrEP) and treatment, Truvada may also be prescribed for other off-label uses, though these uses are less common and should be discussed with a healthcare provider. One such off-label use is for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), where Truvada may be prescribed to individuals who have been exposed to HIV to help prevent infection when started promptly after exposure.

What special precautions should I follow?

When using Truvada, there are several special precautions that should be followed:

• Regular Monitoring: Individuals taking Truvada should undergo regular medical monitoring, including HIV testing (for PrEP), kidney function tests, liver function tests, and bone density assessments (especially with long-term use).
• Adherence to Dosage Instructions: It’s crucial to take Truvada exactly as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Missing doses or not taking Truvada consistently may reduce its effectiveness and increase the risk of developing drug-resistant strains of HIV.
• Avoiding Drug Interactions: Truvada may interact with other medications, including certain antiviral drugs, antibiotics, and herbal supplements. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Kidney Function Monitoring: Truvada can affect kidney function, so individuals with pre-existing kidney problems or risk factors for kidney disease should be closely monitored while taking the medication.
• Bone Health: Long-term use of Truvada may lead to decreased bone mineral density, so individuals at risk for osteoporosis or fractures should discuss bone health monitoring with their healthcare provider.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Truvada may be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. However, it’s essential to discuss the risks and benefits with a healthcare provider, as well as possible alternative medications.
• Regular Follow-up: Individuals taking Truvada should have regular follow-up appointments with their healthcare provider to assess treatment effectiveness, monitor for side effects, and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

By following these precautions and guidelines, individuals can use Truvada safely and effectively for HIV prevention or treatment under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Truvada can be taken with or without food. There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Truvada. However, maintaining a healthy and balanced diet is generally recommended for overall health and well-being.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of Truvada, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Truvada, like any medication, can cause side effects in some individuals. Not everyone will experience these side effects, and they can vary in severity. Some common side effects of Truvada include:

• Nausea: Feeling nauseous or experiencing an upset stomach is a common side effect of Truvada, especially when first starting the medication. Taking Truvada with food may help alleviate this symptom.
• Diarrhea: Some individuals may experience diarrhea while taking Truvada. It’s essential to stay hydrated if diarrhea occurs.
• Headaches: Headaches are another common side effect of Truvada. If headaches become severe or persistent, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider.
• Fatigue: Truvada may cause fatigue or feelings of tiredness in some individuals. Getting adequate rest and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help manage this side effect.
• Dizziness: Feeling dizzy or lightheaded is a potential side effect of Truvada. It’s important to avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving, if you experience dizziness while taking Truvada.
• Changes in Weight: Some individuals may experience changes in weight, either weight gain or weight loss, while taking Truvada.
• Kidney Problems: Truvada can affect kidney function in some individuals, leading to decreased kidney function or other kidney-related issues. Regular monitoring of kidney function is necessary while taking Truvada.
• Bone Density Loss: Long-term use of Truvada may lead to decreased bone mineral density, which could increase the risk of fractures or osteoporosis.
• Liver Problems: Truvada can cause liver problems, including liver toxicity or liver failure, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver disease.
• Lactic Acidosis: In rare cases, Truvada may lead to a condition called lactic acidosis, characterized by an accumulation of lactic acid in the blood, which can be life-threatening.

It’s essential to discuss any concerns or side effects with your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on managing side effects and determine if any adjustments to your treatment plan are necessary. Additionally, if you experience any severe or concerning side effects while taking Truvada, seek medical attention immediately.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and disposal of Truvada:

Storage:

• Store Truvada tablets at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C) in a tightly closed container, away from moisture and heat.
• Keep Truvada out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not use Truvada if it has passed the expiration date printed on the label.

Disposal:

• Dispose of unused or expired Truvada tablets properly according to local regulations or guidelines.
• Do not flush Truvada down the toilet or pour it down the drain unless instructed to do so by a healthcare provider or pharmacist.

In case of emergency/overdose

• In case of an emergency or suspected overdose of Truvada, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
• Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and kidney problems. Prompt medical evaluation is essential in the event of an overdose.

What other information should I know?

• Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and vitamins you are taking before starting Truvada to avoid potential drug interactions.
• Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor treatment effectiveness, side effects, and any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.
• Truvada does not cure HIV infection. It is used for HIV prevention (PrEP) or as part of antiretroviral therapy for HIV treatment. Practice safer sex and other preventive measures to reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
• Truvada should not be used as a sole method of HIV prevention. It is most effective when used in combination with other preventive measures, such as condoms.
• Do not share Truvada with others, even if they have similar symptoms or conditions.
• If you have any questions or concerns about Truvada, its usage, or potential side effects, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance and clarification.

By following these guidelines and staying informed about Truvada, you can use the medication safely and effectively under the supervision of a healthcare provider.