WARNING

Trazodone is primarily prescribed as an antidepressant, but it’s also commonly used off-label to treat insomnia due to its sedative effects. While it can be effective for many people, there are potential risks and side effects to be aware of:

• Sedation: One of the most common side effects of Trazodone is drowsiness or sedation, which can impair cognitive and motor functions, particularly when starting the medication or increasing the dosage.
• Orthostatic Hypotension: Trazodone can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, leading to dizziness or fainting, especially in older adults.
• Serotonin Syndrome: Though rare, combining Trazodone with other medications that increase serotonin levels (such as SSRIs, SNRIs, or MAOIs) can lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by agitation, hallucinations, rapid heart rate, and increased body temperature.
• Cardiac Effects: Trazodone may cause irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) in some individuals, especially those with pre-existing heart conditions.
• Priapism: In rare cases, Trazodone has been associated with priapism, a painful and prolonged erection unrelated to sexual stimulation, which requires immediate medical attention to prevent permanent damage.
• Withdrawal Symptoms: Abruptly stopping Trazodone can lead to withdrawal symptoms such as insomnia, irritability, agitation, and flu-like symptoms. It’s important to taper off the medication under medical supervision.
• Increased Suicide Risk: Like many antidepressants, Trazodone carries a black box warning regarding the increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, particularly in young adults and adolescents.
• Other Side Effects: Additional side effects may include nausea, vomiting, headache, blurred vision, dry mouth, and weight changes.

It’s crucial to discuss these potential risks with a healthcare provider before starting Trazodone and to be monitored closely during treatment, especially when adjusting the dosage or when combining it with other medications.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Trazodone is primarily prescribed for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). It belongs to a class of medications known as serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs). Additionally, due to its sedative properties, Trazodone is often prescribed off-label to treat insomnia, especially in cases where other sleep aids have been ineffective or are not preferred.

How should this medicine be used?

When prescribed for depression, Trazodone is usually taken orally in the form of tablets or extended-release tablets. The dosage and frequency of administration vary depending on the individual’s condition, medical history, and response to treatment. It’s typically started at a low dose and gradually increased to achieve the desired therapeutic effect while minimizing side effects.

For insomnia, Trazodone is usually taken at bedtime due to its sedative effects. Again, dosages can vary, but it’s generally recommended to start with a low dose and adjust as needed under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

It’s essential to follow the prescribed dosage and instructions provided by the healthcare provider. Trazodone should be taken with food to improve absorption and reduce the likelihood of side effects such as nausea. It’s important not to crush, chew, or break the tablets unless directed to do so by a healthcare professional.

Additionally, Trazodone should not be abruptly discontinued without consulting a healthcare provider, as this can lead to withdrawal symptoms. If a dose is missed, it’s generally recommended to take it as soon as remembered, unless it’s close to the time for the next dose. In that case, the missed dose should be skipped and the regular dosing schedule resumed.

Overall, Trazodone should be used as prescribed by a healthcare provider and monitored closely for both therapeutic effects and potential side effects.

Other uses for this medicine

Some off-label uses of Trazodone:

• Insomnia: Trazodone’s sedative properties make it effective for treating insomnia, especially when other sleep aids have been ineffective or are not suitable.
• Anxiety Disorders: Trazodone may be prescribed off-label for the treatment of various anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or panic disorder.
• Pain Management: In some cases, trazodone may be used off-label to help manage chronic pain conditions, particularly when pain is associated with depression or sleep disturbances.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions should be taken when using Trazodone, and it’s essential to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions closely. Here are some key precautions:

• Suicide risk: Like many antidepressants, Trazodone carries a black box warning regarding an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, particularly in children, adolescents, and young adults. Patients should be monitored closely, especially when starting treatment or adjusting the dosage.
• Serotonin syndrome: Trazodone can increase serotonin levels, and combining it with other medications that also affect serotonin levels (such as SSRIs, SNRIs, or MAOIs) can lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking to avoid this risk.
• Cardiovascular effects: Trazodone may cause changes in heart rhythm, particularly in individuals with pre-existing cardiac conditions. Your healthcare provider may monitor your heart function, especially if you have a history of heart disease or other cardiac issues.
• Orthostatic hypotension: Trazodone can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, leading to dizziness or fainting, especially in older adults. To minimize this risk, rise slowly from a sitting or lying position, particularly when starting the medication or increasing the dosage.
• Liver function: Trazodone is metabolized in the liver, so individuals with liver impairment may require dosage adjustments or closer monitoring.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The safety of Trazodone during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well-established, and it should only be used if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. Discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
• Alcohol and other substances: Avoid consuming alcohol while taking Trazodone, as it can increase the sedative effects of the medication and may worsen side effects. Additionally, use caution when combining Trazodone with other substances that can cause drowsiness, such as opioids or benzodiazepines.

It’s crucial to communicate openly with your healthcare provider about any concerns or questions you have regarding Trazodone treatment, and to report any unusual or severe side effects promptly.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Regarding special dietary instructions, there are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Trazodone. However, taking Trazodone with food may help improve its absorption and reduce the likelihood of gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. If you experience any adverse effects related to diet while taking Trazodone, consult your healthcare provider.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget a dose of Trazodone, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. If you are unsure about what to do, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Trazodone, like any medication, can cause side effects. These side effects can vary in severity and frequency among individuals. Common side effects of Trazodone may include:

• Drowsiness: Trazodone is known for its sedative effect, which can cause drowsiness or sleepiness, particularly when starting the medication or increasing the dosage.
• Dry mouth: Some people may experience dryness in the mouth while taking Trazodone, which can be alleviated by drinking water or using sugar-free candies or gum.
• Dizziness: Trazodone can cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up quickly. To minimize this, rise slowly from a sitting or lying position.
• Blurred vision: Trazodone may temporarily affect vision, causing blurred vision or difficulty focusing. This side effect usually resolves with continued use.
• Nausea or vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting as a side effect of Trazodone. Taking the medication with food may help alleviate this symptom.
• Headache: Headaches are a possible side effect of Trazodone treatment. If headaches become severe or persistent, consult your healthcare provider.
• Constipation or diarrhea: Trazodone may affect bowel movements, leading to constipation or diarrhea in some individuals.
• Weight changes: Weight gain or weight loss can occur as a side effect of Trazodone treatment, although the likelihood and magnitude of these changes can vary.
• Fatigue: Some people may experience fatigue or weakness while taking Trazodone, especially during the initial stages of treatment.
• Sexual dysfunction: Trazodone may cause sexual side effects such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, or difficulty achieving orgasm.

It’s important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and some individuals may experience side effects not listed here. Additionally, if you experience any severe or persistent side effects while taking Trazodone, or if you have concerns about your medication, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider for guidance.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal:

• Storage: Store Trazodone tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Avoid storing it in the bathroom or kitchen where it could be exposed to moisture. Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal: Dispose of Trazodone tablets properly by following any specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. If no specific instructions are given, you can dispose of unused or expired medication by mixing it with an undesirable substance (such as dirt or used coffee grounds) in a sealed plastic bag and throwing it in the household trash. Be sure to remove any personal information from the medication packaging before disposal.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of an overdose of Trazodone, seek emergency medical attention immediately by calling your local emergency services or going to the nearest emergency room. Overdose symptoms may include drowsiness, vomiting, rapid heartbeat, fainting, and difficulty breathing. It’s essential to provide healthcare providers with as much information as possible about the quantity of Trazodone ingested and any other medications or substances taken.

What other information should I know?

• Inform all healthcare providers involved in your care about any medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking, including Trazodone, to avoid potential drug interactions.
• Attend all scheduled appointments with your healthcare provider for monitoring and evaluation of your response to Trazodone treatment.
• Avoid consuming alcohol while taking Trazodone, as it can increase the risk of side effects and may worsen symptoms.
• Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how Trazodone affects you, as it can cause drowsiness and impair cognitive and motor functions.
• If you experience any new or worsening symptoms while taking Trazodone, such as mood changes, agitation, or suicidal thoughts, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Following these guidelines can help ensure the safe and effective use of Trazodone and minimize the risk of adverse effects or complications.