WARNING

Estrogen and progestin, commonly found in oral contraceptives (birth control pills), can be associated with various risks. It’s important to note that individual responses to these hormones can vary, and not everyone will experience these side effects. Here are some potential risks and side effects associated with taking estrogen and progestin:

• Cardiovascular Risks: Increased risk of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism and elevated blood pressure.
• Cancer Risks: A slightly increased risk of breast and cervical cancer, although the relationship is complex and may vary among individuals.
• Liver Issues: Rare but serious liver problems, including liver tumors.
• Mood Changes: Some individuals may experience mood swings, depression, or changes in libido.
• Weight Gain: Some users report weight gain as a side effect, although this is not universal.
• Headaches and Migraines: Increased frequency or severity of headaches and migraines in some users.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Common side effects, especially during the first few months of use.
• Breast Tenderness: Some individuals may experience breast tenderness or enlargement.
• Breakthrough Bleeding: Irregular bleeding or spotting between menstrual periods.
• Decreased Bone Density: Long-term use may be associated with a slight decrease in bone density, though this is generally reversible upon discontinuation.
• Impact on Blood Sugar: Some studies suggest a potential association between oral contraceptives and changes in glucose metabolism.
• Interaction with Other Medications: Estrogen and progestin may interact with certain medications, potentially reducing their effectiveness or causing adverse effects.
• Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some individuals may be allergic to components of oral contraceptives, leading to skin rashes or other allergic reactions.

It’s crucial for individuals considering or currently using oral contraceptives to discuss their medical history, potential risk factors, and any concerns with their healthcare provider. The benefits of contraception, including pregnancy prevention and menstrual cycle regulation, should be weighed against the potential risks based on individual health profiles. Regular check-ups and open communication with a healthcare professional are essential for monitoring and managing any potential side effects.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Estrogen and progestin, commonly known as oral contraceptives or birth control pills, are prescribed for several reasons:

• Contraception: The primary purpose of oral contraceptives is to prevent pregnancy. They work by inhibiting ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovaries), thickening cervical mucus (making it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg), and thinning the lining of the uterus (making it less receptive to a fertilized egg).
• Regulation of Menstrual Cycles: Oral contraceptives can help regulate menstrual cycles, making them more predictable. This can be particularly beneficial for women with irregular periods.
• Treatment of Menstrual Disorders: Birth control pills are sometimes prescribed to address menstrual disorders such as heavy menstrual bleeding, painful periods (dysmenorrhea), and irregular periods.
• Acne Management: Some oral contraceptives are FDA-approved for the treatment of acne in women. They can help control and reduce acne by regulating hormones.
• Management of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Birth control pills may be recommended to alleviate symptoms of PMS, such as mood swings, bloating, and breast tenderness.
• Endometriosis Treatment: Oral contraceptives can be used to manage symptoms of endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Women with PCOS may be prescribed oral contraceptives to regulate menstrual cycles and manage symptoms such as acne and excess hair growth.

How should this medicine be used?

Usage of Estrogen and Progestin (Oral Contraceptives):

• Consistency is Key: Oral contraceptives are most effective when taken consistently at the same time every day. This helps maintain a steady level of hormones in the body.
• Follow Prescribed Schedule: It’s important to follow the prescribed schedule and take the pills in the correct order. Typically, a pack contains three weeks of active pills followed by one week of inactive or placebo pills.
• Start on the Right Day: Some packs may provide specific instructions on when to start the first pill. If unsure, consult with a healthcare provider.
• Missed Pill Protocol: If a pill is missed, follow the instructions provided by the healthcare provider or the package insert. In some cases, using backup contraception may be recommended.
• Regular Check-ups: Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are important to monitor any potential side effects and adjust the prescription if necessary.
• Understand Potential Side Effects: Be aware of potential side effects and report any unusual symptoms or concerns to a healthcare professional promptly.
• Consider Additional Protection: While oral contraceptives are effective in preventing pregnancy, they do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Additional methods, such as condoms, may be recommended for STI prevention.

It’s crucial for individuals to communicate openly with their healthcare provider about their health history, any concerns, or changes in their health status. This helps ensure that the chosen contraceptive method is appropriate and effective for the individual’s needs.

Other uses for this medicine

Other Uses for Estrogen and Progestin (Oral Contraceptives):

• Menstrual Disorders: Oral contraceptives can help regulate menstrual cycles, reduce heavy bleeding, and alleviate menstrual pain.
• Acne Management: Some oral contraceptives are approved for treating acne by regulating hormones that contribute to skin issues.
• Endometriosis: Oral contraceptives may be used to manage symptoms of endometriosis, a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Birth control pills can help regulate menstrual cycles and manage symptoms associated with PCOS, such as acne and excess hair growth.
• Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Some women find relief from PMS symptoms, including mood swings and bloating, with the use of oral contraceptives.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions for Estrogen and Progestin (Oral Contraceptives):

• Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider of your complete medical history, including any pre-existing conditions, family history, and medication use.
• Blood Pressure Monitoring: Regularly monitor blood pressure, as oral contraceptives can, in some cases, lead to elevated blood pressure.
• Smoking: Smoking while using oral contraceptives, especially in women over 35, increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Women who smoke are generally advised not to use combined hormonal contraceptives.
• Age and Health Considerations: The choice of contraceptive method may vary based on age, overall health, and individual risk factors. Discuss these aspects with a healthcare provider.
• Migraines with Aura: Women who experience migraines with aura may be at an increased risk of stroke when using combined hormonal contraceptives.
• History of Blood Clots: Individuals with a history of blood clots or clotting disorders may be at an increased risk of thromboembolism while using oral contraceptives.
• Liver Conditions: Liver conditions may impact the metabolism of oral contraceptives. Inform your healthcare provider if you have liver disease.
• Interactions with Other Medications: Some medications, including certain antibiotics and anticonvulsants, may interact with oral contraceptives. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Oral contraceptives should not be used during pregnancy. If you become pregnant while taking them, contact your healthcare provider. For breastfeeding mothers, progestin-only contraceptives may be preferred.
• Regular Check-ups: Regularly visit your healthcare provider for check-ups to monitor any potential side effects or changes in health.

It’s crucial to discuss any concerns or questions about oral contraceptives with a healthcare provider, as they can provide personalized guidance based on individual health circumstances.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions for individuals taking oral contraceptives. However, maintaining a healthy and balanced diet is generally advisable for overall well-being. If you have specific dietary concerns or restrictions, it’s a good idea to discuss them with your healthcare provider.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Combination Pills (Estrogen and Progestin): If you miss one active pill, take it as soon as you remember and take the next pill at your regular time. This may mean taking two pills in one day. No additional backup contraception is usually necessary. If you miss two or more pills in a row or start a new pack late, follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the package insert. Additional backup contraception may be needed.
• Progestin-Only Pills (Mini Pills): If you’re more than three hours late taking a progestin-only pill, take the missed pill as soon as you remember and use backup contraception (such as condoms) for the next 48 hours.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Estrogen and progestin, the hormones found in combination oral contraceptives, can cause various side effects. It’s important to note that individuals may respond differently to these hormones, and not everyone will experience the same side effects. Common side effects include:

• Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea, especially when starting a new pack or taking the pill on an empty stomach.
• Breast Tenderness: Swelling or tenderness in the breasts can occur, though this often improves with time.
• Headaches: Some users may experience headaches or migraines, particularly during the first few months of use.
• Changes in Weight: While weight gain is a concern for some, others may experience changes in appetite and weight loss.
• Mood Changes: Mood swings, changes in libido, or feelings of depression and anxiety may occur.
• Breakthrough Bleeding: Irregular bleeding or spotting between menstrual periods may happen, especially during the first few months of use.
• Fluid Retention: Some individuals may experience bloating or fluid retention.
• Skin Changes: Skin changes, including acne improvement or worsening, may be observed.
• Changes in Sexual Desire: Libido may be affected, with some experiencing an increase and others a decrease.
• Vaginal Discharge: Changes in vaginal discharge or dryness may occur.
• Blood Pressure Changes: A slight increase in blood pressure has been associated with oral contraceptive use.
• Eye Changes: Contact lens wearers may experience changes in tolerance or fit.
• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, cramps, or changes in bowel habits.
• Impact on Cholesterol Levels: Oral contraceptives can influence lipid levels in some individuals.
• Increased Risk of Blood Clots: While the overall risk is low, estrogen-containing contraceptives can slightly increase the risk of blood clots, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism.

It’s important to differentiate between common side effects that may improve with time and more serious side effects that require prompt medical attention. Serious side effects include severe headaches, chest pain, shortness of breath, leg swelling or pain, and changes in vision. Additionally, individuals with a history of blood clots, certain medical conditions, or those who smoke may have an increased risk of complications.

Any concerns or persistent side effects should be discussed with a healthcare provider, who can provide guidance on whether adjustments to the contraceptive method are necessary or if an alternative method should be considered. Regular check-ups are essential for monitoring side effects and overall health while using oral contraceptives.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Estrogen and Progestin (Oral Contraceptives):

• Storage:
  • Store oral contraceptives at room temperature, away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight.
  • Keep them out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal:
  • Follow any specific disposal instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
  • Do not flush unused medications down the toilet unless instructed to do so. Check with local guidelines for proper disposal methods, such as using drug take-back programs or community disposal programs.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of an emergency or suspected overdose, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms of an overdose may include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Unusual vaginal bleeding
• Severe headache
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision

What other information should I know?

• Missed Doses: Follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the package insert if you miss a dose. In some cases, using backup contraception may be recommended.
• Regular Check-ups: Attend regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor the effectiveness of the contraceptive method and address any concerns or side effects.
• Interactions with Other Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, as they may interact with oral contraceptives.
• Medical Conditions: Provide your healthcare provider with a complete medical history, including any pre-existing conditions, to ensure that oral contraceptives are suitable for you.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you become pregnant while taking oral contraceptives, contact your healthcare provider. While breastfeeding, discuss contraceptive options suitable for lactating individuals.
• Smoking: If you smoke, especially if you are over 35, discuss the risks and benefits of using combined hormonal contraceptives with your healthcare provider.
• Regular Health Monitoring: Monitor your own health and report any unusual symptoms or concerns to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Effectiveness of Contraception: Understand the importance of using oral contraceptives consistently and correctly to maximize their effectiveness in preventing pregnancy.

Always follow the guidance provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist, and read the patient information leaflet that comes with the medication for specific instructions. If you have any questions or concerns about the use, storage, or disposal of oral contraceptives, consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.