Why is this medication prescribed?

Diltiazem is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers. It is commonly prescribed for the treatment of various cardiovascular conditions, including:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure): It helps to relax blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood and reducing overall blood pressure.
• Angina: Diltiazem can help relieve chest pain (angina) by improving blood flow to the heart muscle.
• Certain heart rhythm disorders: Diltiazem may be used to treat certain types of abnormal heart rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, by slowing down the heart rate and regulating heart rhythm.

How should this medicine be used?

Diltiazem is usually taken orally in the form of extended-release capsules or tablets. The dosage and frequency of administration will depend on the specific condition being treated and individual patient factors. It’s important to follow the dosing instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Typically, it’s taken with or without food, usually once or twice daily.

Here are some general guidelines for taking diltiazem:

• Swallow the tablets or capsules whole, without crushing or chewing them.
• Take the medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor.
• Try to take diltiazem at the same time(s) each day to maintain consistent levels in your bloodstream.
• Do not suddenly stop taking diltiazem without consulting your doctor, as this could lead to rebound hypertension or other adverse effects.
• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

As with any medication, it’s important to discuss with your healthcare provider any questions or concerns you may have about taking diltiazem. They can provide personalized advice based on your medical history and current health status.

Other uses for this medicine

Diltiazem may also be prescribed for other off-label uses. Some of these off-label uses include:

• Raynaud’s phenomenon: Diltiazem may be used to improve blood flow to the extremities in individuals with Raynaud’s phenomenon, a condition characterized by exaggerated responses to cold or emotional stress, leading to decreased blood flow to the fingers and toes.
• Migraine prevention: Some studies suggest that diltiazem may help prevent migraines, possibly by reducing the constriction of blood vessels in the brain.
• Esophageal spasm: Diltiazem may be used off-label to relieve esophageal spasms, which can cause chest pain or difficulty swallowing.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions should be taken when using diltiazem, including:

• Allergies: Inform your doctor about any known allergies you have, especially if you have allergies to Diltiazem or any other medications.
• Medical history: Disclose your medical history to your doctor, including any pre-existing heart conditions, liver or kidney disease, low blood pressure, or muscle disorders such as myasthenia gravis.
• Medication interactions: Inform your doctor about all medications you are currently taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Diltiazem can interact with other medications, potentially leading to serious side effects.
• Avoid grapefruit: Diltiazem should not be taken with grapefruit or grapefruit juice, as it can increase the levels of diltiazem in your bloodstream, leading to potential side effects.
• Monitor blood pressure and heart rate: Regularly monitor your blood pressure and heart rate as directed by your doctor.
• Driving and operating machinery: Diltiazem may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up from a sitting or lying position. Take caution when driving or operating machinery until you know how diltiazem affects you.
• Symptoms and side effects: Notify your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms or side effects while taking diltiazem.

By following these precautions and guidelines, you can minimize the risks associated with taking diltiazem and maximize its benefits in managing your medical condition.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Regarding dietary instructions:

• Grapefruit: Avoid consuming grapefruit or grapefruit juice while taking diltiazem, as mentioned earlier.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget a dose of diltiazem:

• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
• If you are unsure about what to do, consult your doctor or pharmacist for guidance.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Diltiazem, like any medication, can cause side effects, although not everyone will experience them. Common side effects of diltiazem may include:

• Dizziness
• Headache
• Fatigue
• Flushing (feeling of warmth or redness in the face)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Constipation
• Swelling of the ankles, feet, or hands (edema)
• Rash or itching
• Palpitations (rapid or irregular heartbeat)
• Low blood pressure (hypotension)
• Shortness of breath
• Weakness

These side effects are usually mild and may diminish as your body adjusts to the medication. However, if any of these side effects persist or worsen, it’s important to inform your doctor promptly.

In some cases, diltiazem may cause more serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. These can include:

• Severe dizziness or fainting
• Slow or irregular heartbeat
• Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat (signs of an allergic reaction)
• Difficulty breathing
• Severe rash or blistering of the skin

If you experience any of these serious side effects, seek medical attention right away.

Additionally, diltiazem may rarely cause liver problems or exacerbate pre-existing liver conditions. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience symptoms such as dark urine, persistent nausea or vomiting, yellowing of the eyes or skin (jaundice), or abdominal pain while taking diltiazem.

It’s essential to discuss any concerns about potential side effects with your healthcare provider before starting diltiazem or any other medication. They can provide personalized advice and monitor your progress to minimize the risk of adverse effects.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and disposal:

• Store diltiazem at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
• Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not use diltiazem after the expiration date printed on the label. Properly dispose of any expired medication.

In case of emergency/overdose

• In case of an overdose of diltiazem, seek emergency medical attention or contact a poison control center immediately. Overdose symptoms may include dizziness, weakness, fainting, slow heartbeat, and difficulty breathing.
• If possible, bring the medication bottle or packaging to the emergency room to aid in treatment.

What other information should I know?

• Attend all doctor’s appointments and follow-up visits as directed. Your doctor may need to adjust your dosage or monitor you for side effects.
• Do not share diltiazem with others, even if they have similar symptoms. This medication is prescribed specifically for you and may not be suitable for others.
• Inform any healthcare provider treating you about all the medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Diltiazem may interact with other medications, potentially causing harmful effects.
• If you are scheduled for surgery, inform your surgeon and anesthesiologist that you are taking diltiazem. They may recommend temporarily stopping the medication before the procedure.
• Avoid consuming alcohol while taking diltiazem, as it may exacerbate certain side effects such as dizziness or drowsiness.
• Follow your doctor’s dietary recommendations, including any restrictions on grapefruit or grapefruit juice consumption.
• Carry a medical identification card or wear a bracelet indicating that you are taking diltiazem. In case of an emergency, this information can help healthcare providers provide appropriate treatment.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure the safe and effective use of diltiazem for your medical condition. If you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for further information and guidance.