WARNING

Codeine is an opioid medication commonly used to treat mild to moderate pain and cough. However, it is essential to be aware of the potential risks associated with its use:

• Dependency and Addiction: Codeine, like other opioids, has the potential for abuse and can lead to physical and psychological dependence. Prolonged use or misuse may result in addiction.
• Respiratory Depression: High doses of codeine can lead to respiratory depression, where breathing becomes slow and shallow. This risk is particularly significant in individuals with respiratory conditions.
• Central Nervous System Effects: Codeine can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination. It may affect the ability to perform tasks requiring mental alertness, such as driving.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Codeine can cause constipation, which is a common side effect of opioid medications. This can be particularly problematic with long-term use.
• Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to codeine, and an allergic reaction can range from mild symptoms, such as itching and rash, to severe reactions like difficulty breathing and swelling of the face.
• Interactions with Other Medications: Codeine can interact with other medications, including those that depress the central nervous system, leading to increased sedation. It’s important to inform healthcare providers of all medications being taken to avoid potential interactions.
• Liver Toxicity: In rare cases, codeine can cause liver damage, especially when combined with other medications that affect the liver.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Risks: Codeine use during pregnancy may be associated with certain risks, including neonatal abstinence syndrome in newborns. It can also pass into breast milk, potentially affecting a nursing infant.

It’s crucial for individuals to use codeine only under the guidance of a healthcare professional and to follow prescribed dosages carefully. Additionally, discussing any pre-existing health conditions, medications, or concerns with a healthcare provider is important to minimize the risks associated with codeine use. If someone experiences adverse effects or has concerns about their medication, they should seek medical attention promptly.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Codeine is a prescription medication primarily prescribed for its analgesic (pain-relieving) and antitussive (cough-suppressant) properties. Here are the common reasons why codeine may be prescribed:

• Pain Management: Codeine is often prescribed to relieve mild to moderate pain. It belongs to the class of drugs known as opioids or narcotic analgesics. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, reducing the perception of pain.
• Cough Suppression: Codeine is used as a cough suppressant in situations where other non-opioid cough medications are not effective. It helps by reducing the urge to cough by acting on the brain’s cough center.

How should this medicine be used?

The dosage and frequency of use will depend on the specific medical condition being treated, the patient’s response to the medication, and other factors. Here are some general guidelines:

• Dosage: The dosage of Codeine varies depending on the formulation and the specific combination with other drugs. It is usually taken by mouth in the form of tablets or liquid.
• Frequency: Codeine is typically taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed for pain or cough relief. It’s important not to exceed the recommended dosage or frequency.
• Duration: Codeine is usually prescribed for a short duration to manage acute pain or cough. Prolonged or excessive use can lead to dependence, tolerance, and other serious side effects.
• Caution with Other Medications: Codeine can interact with other medications, including certain antidepressants and sedatives. It’s important to inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Avoid Alcohol: Consuming alcohol while taking Codeine can increase the risk of side effects and may be dangerous. It’s generally advised to avoid alcohol during Codeine treatment.

It’s crucial to use Codeine only as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Misuse or overuse of opioid medications can lead to addiction, respiratory depression, and other serious health issues. If you have any concerns or questions about how to use Codeine, it’s best to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.

Other uses for this medicine

• Cough Suppressant: Codeine is sometimes used as a cough suppressant when other non-opioid options are not effective. It works by reducing activity in the part of the brain that causes coughing.
• Pain Management: Codeine is often included in combination medications for pain relief, such as those containing acetaminophen or aspirin.
• Diarrhea Treatment: Codeine can be used in some cases to treat diarrhea, as it has a constipating effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions for Codeine:

• Risk of Addiction: Codeine is an opioid, and like other opioids, it carries a risk of addiction and dependence. It should be used only as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
• Respiratory Depression: Codeine can slow down or stop breathing, especially in high doses or when used in combination with other substances that depress the central nervous system. This risk is particularly relevant for individuals with respiratory conditions.
• Avoid Alcohol and Other CNS Depressants: Do not consume alcohol or other substances that depress the central nervous system while taking codeine, as this can increase the risk of respiratory depression and other serious side effects.
• Inform Your Healthcare Provider: Inform your healthcare provider about all your medical conditions, especially if you have a history of respiratory disorders, liver or kidney problems, head injuries, or a history of substance abuse.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Codeine use during pregnancy may have risks, and it can also pass into breast milk.
• Driving and Operating Machinery: Codeine can cause drowsiness and impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. Avoid these activities until you know how codeine affects you.
• Follow Dosage Instructions: Take codeine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not increase the dosage without consulting them.
• Withdrawal Symptoms: Abruptly stopping codeine after prolonged use may lead to withdrawal symptoms. Follow your healthcare provider’s guidance on tapering off the medication if necessary.

Always consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist for personalized advice and to address any concerns you may have regarding the use of codeine based on your individual health and medical history.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are typically no specific dietary restrictions associated with codeine. However, it’s important to stay hydrated, especially if codeine is causing constipation, which is a common side effect. Drinking plenty of water and maintaining a balanced diet with an adequate fiber intake can help alleviate constipation.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of codeine, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Codeine, like any medication, can cause side effects. It’s important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and the severity can vary from person to person. Common side effects of codeine include:

• Drowsiness:  Codeine can cause drowsiness or sedation. It’s important to avoid activities that require mental alertness, such as driving or operating heavy machinery, until you know how codeine affects you.
• Constipation: Opioids, including codeine, are known for causing constipation. Adequate fluid intake and dietary fiber can help alleviate this side effect.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting when taking codeine.
• Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Codeine can cause dizziness or lightheadedness. Avoid sudden changes in posture, and rise slowly from a sitting or lying position.
• Itching or Rash: Allergic reactions to codeine can manifest as itching or a rash. Seek medical attention if you develop a severe allergic reaction.
• Respiratory Depression: In high doses or in sensitive individuals, codeine can suppress respiratory function. This is more common with higher doses or when codeine is used inappropriately.
• Confusion or Cognitive Impairment: Some individuals may experience confusion or cognitive impairment while taking codeine.
• Urinary Retention: Codeine can cause difficulty in passing urine, known as urinary retention. If you experience difficulty urinating, contact your healthcare provider.
• Dependency and Addiction: Prolonged use or misuse of opioids, including codeine, can lead to physical dependence and addiction. It’s important to take codeine only as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
• Hypotension: Codeine can cause low blood pressure, leading to dizziness or fainting, especially when standing up. Rise slowly from a sitting or lying position.

It’s crucial to report any unusual or severe side effects to your healthcare provider. Additionally, if you experience symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or severe itching, seek emergency medical attention.

This list is not exhaustive, and individual responses to medication can vary. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and communicate any concerns or side effects promptly.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage of Codeine:

• Temperature and Environment: Store codeine at room temperature, away from excessive heat and moisture. Avoid storing it in the bathroom, as the moisture can affect the stability of the medication.
• Keep Out of Reach of Children: Store codeine in a location where it is inaccessible to children. Accidental ingestion can be harmful.
• Secure Storage: If necessary, use a lockable medicine cabinet or another secure location to prevent unauthorized access.

Disposal of Codeine:

• Follow Local Guidelines: Dispose of unused or expired codeine following local regulations. Many communities have medication take-back programs or specific guidelines for proper disposal. Check with your local pharmacy or health department for information on available disposal options.
• Do Not Flush: Avoid flushing codeine down the toilet or throwing it in the trash, unless specifically instructed to do so.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Seek Immediate Medical Attention: If you suspect an overdose of codeine or someone is experiencing severe symptoms, call emergency services (such as 911 in the United States) immediately.
• Symptoms of Overdose: Overdose symptoms may include extreme drowsiness, confusion, difficulty breathing, slow or shallow breathing, cold or clammy skin, constricted pupils, and loss of consciousness.
• Naloxone: Naloxone is a medication that can reverse the effects of opioid overdose, including codeine. It is available in some areas without a prescription. If you or someone you are with is at risk of opioid overdose, having naloxone on hand and knowing how to use it can be life-saving.

What other information should I know?

• Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider about your complete medical history, especially if you have a history of respiratory problems, allergies, or other relevant conditions.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, as well as herbal supplements. Some medications may interact with codeine.
• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider of any allergies you may have, especially if you are allergic to any ingredients in codeine.
• Follow Instructions: Take codeine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not alter the dosage without consulting them.

Always consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist for the most accurate and personalized advice regarding your specific situation.