Why is this medication prescribed?

Rifaximin is an antibiotic that is primarily used to treat certain bacterial infections, particularly those in the gastrointestinal tract. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the intestines. It is often prescribed for specific conditions, such as:

• Traveler’s Diarrhea: Rifaximin can be used to treat traveler’s diarrhea caused by non-invasive strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli).
• Hepatic Encephalopathy: Rifaximin is also indicated for the reduction of episodes of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) recurrence in patients with liver disease.

How should this medicine be used?

Here are some general guidelines on how Rifaximin is commonly used:

• Dosage: The dosage of Rifaximin can vary depending on the condition being treated. It’s important to follow the prescribed dosage and schedule provided by your healthcare provider.
• Administration: Rifaximin is typically taken orally, usually with or without food. It comes in tablet form, and the tablets should be swallowed whole with a glass of water. Do not crush or chew the tablets.
• Consistency: It’s essential to take the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by your healthcare provider, even if you start feeling better before completing the medication. This helps prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
• Duration of Treatment: The duration of treatment with Rifaximin will depend on the specific infection being treated. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding the length of the treatment.
• Consultation with Healthcare Provider: Before starting or stopping any medication, it is crucial to consult with your healthcare provider. They will provide specific instructions based on your medical history and the condition being treated.

It’s important to note that these are general guidelines, and individual cases may vary. Always follow the advice and instructions provided by your healthcare provider, and inform them of any existing medical conditions, allergies, or medications you may be taking.

Other uses for this medicine

Apart from the primary uses mentioned earlier, Rifaximin is sometimes prescribed off-label for other conditions. Off-label use refers to using a medication to treat a condition that is not officially approved by regulatory authorities. Some off-label uses of Rifaximin may include:

• Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO): Some healthcare providers may prescribe Rifaximin to treat SIBO, a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of bacteria in the small intestine.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Rifaximin may be considered in some cases of IBD, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, although its use for these conditions is not as common as other medications.
• Diverticulitis: Rifaximin may be used in the treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis, although the evidence for its efficacy in this context is not as robust as for other antibiotics.

What special precautions should I follow?

As for special precautions when using Rifaximin, here are some important considerations:

• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider of any allergies you may have, especially if you are allergic to rifaximin or any other antibiotics.
• Liver Disease: Exercise caution if you have a history of liver disease, as Rifaximin is metabolized in the liver. Your healthcare provider may need to adjust the dosage or monitor your liver function during treatment.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. The safety of Rifaximin during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well established, and your healthcare provider will weigh the potential risks and benefits.
• Drug Interactions: Rifaximin may interact with other medications you are taking. Inform your healthcare provider about all prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and supplements you are currently using.
• Diarrhea: If you experience severe diarrhea during or after treatment with Rifaximin, contact your healthcare provider. This could be a sign of a serious intestinal condition that may require medical attention.
• Clostridium difficile Infection: Rifaximin may not be effective against infections caused by Clostridium difficile. If you develop persistent or worsening diarrhea while taking Rifaximin, contact your healthcare provider.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and inform them of your complete medical history to ensure safe and effective use of Rifaximin. If you have any concerns or experience unexpected side effects, consult your healthcare provider promptly.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Rifaximin. However, it’s essential to maintain a balanced and healthy diet to support overall well-being, especially when undergoing antibiotic treatment. Ensure you stay hydrated and consume a variety of nutritious foods.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of Rifaximin:

• Take It as Soon as Possible: If you remember shortly after the missed dose, take it as soon as you remember.
• Skip If It’s Almost Time for the Next Dose: If it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule.
• Do Not Double Up: Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Taking extra medication can increase the risk of side effects and complications.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Rifaximin, like any medication, can cause side effects. Not everyone will experience these side effects, and in many cases, the benefits of the medication outweigh the potential risks. Common side effects of Rifaximin include:

• Flatulence (gas): This is one of the most commonly reported side effects.
• Headache: Some people may experience headaches while taking Rifaximin.
• Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the abdominal area can occur.
• Nausea: Feeling nauseous or having an upset stomach is another possible side effect.
• Vomiting: In some cases, vomiting may occur.
• Constipation: Changes in bowel habits, including constipation, have been reported.
• Fatigue: Some individuals may experience increased fatigue or weakness.
• Fever: A mild increase in body temperature may occur.

These side effects are generally mild and temporary. However, if any of these side effects persist or worsen, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider.

In rare cases, individuals may experience more serious side effects, and it’s crucial to seek medical attention if you notice any of the following:

• Severe Diarrhea: If you develop severe or persistent diarrhea, especially with the presence of blood or mucus, contact your healthcare provider.
• Allergic Reactions: Symptoms of an allergic reaction can include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience these symptoms.
• Liver Problems: Although rare, serious liver problems have been reported. Contact your healthcare provider if you notice symptoms such as yellowing of the eyes or skin (jaundice), dark urine, or persistent nausea.

It’s important to note that this is not an exhaustive list of side effects, and individuals may react differently to medications. Always consult with your healthcare provider if you have concerns about side effects or if you experience any unusual symptoms while taking Rifaximin. They can provide guidance based on your specific medical history and condition.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Rifaximin:

• Storage:
  • Store Rifaximin at room temperature, away from excessive heat and moisture.
  • Keep the medication in its original packaging and away from direct sunlight.
• Disposal:
  • Dispose of unused or expired Rifaximin properly according to local guidelines or drug take-back programs.
  • Do not flush medications down the toilet or throw them into the trash unless specifically instructed to do so.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of an overdose or emergency, contact your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 (in the United States). If someone collapses or has difficulty breathing, call emergency services immediately.

What other information should I know?

• Follow Healthcare Provider’s Instructions: Always take Rifaximin exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not alter the dosage or stop taking the medication without consulting them.
• Complete the Course: Finish the full course of treatment, even if you start feeling better before completing the medication. This helps prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
• Inform Your Healthcare Provider: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, vitamins, and supplements you are taking, as Rifaximin may interact with other drugs.
• Regular Check-ups: Attend any follow-up appointments scheduled by your healthcare provider to monitor your response to the medication and address any concerns.
• Notify Healthcare Provider of Side Effects: If you experience any side effects or unusual symptoms while taking Rifaximin, inform your healthcare provider promptly.
• Avoid Alcohol: It’s generally advisable to avoid consuming alcohol while taking antibiotics. Check with your healthcare provider for specific recommendations.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. The use of Rifaximin during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be discussed with your healthcare provider.
• Regular Monitoring: If you have a history of liver disease, your healthcare provider may monitor your liver function regularly during treatment with Rifaximin.

Always consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have any specific questions or concerns about Rifaximin or its use. They can provide personalized advice based on your medical history and current health status.