WARNING

Codeine is an opioid medication used to treat pain and cough. Like any medication, codeine carries certain risks, and it should be used with caution. Here are some key risks associated with taking codeine:

• Addiction and Dependence: Codeine is an opioid, and prolonged use can lead to physical dependence and, in some cases, addiction. It’s important to use it only as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
• Respiratory Depression: Opioids like codeine can slow down the respiratory system, leading to shallow breathing or respiratory depression, especially in high doses or when combined with other substances that depress the central nervous system, such as alcohol.
• Sedation and Drowsiness: Codeine can cause drowsiness and sedation. It can impair cognitive and motor skills, affecting a person’s ability to drive or operate machinery safely.
• Constipation: Opioids are known to cause constipation, and codeine is no exception. This side effect can be managed with lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medications.
• Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to codeine, experiencing symptoms such as itching, rash, or swelling. In severe cases, an allergic reaction can be life-threatening and may require immediate medical attention.
• Interactions with Other Medications: Codeine can interact with other medications, including certain antidepressants and antipsychotics, potentially leading to adverse effects or reducing the effectiveness of one or more medications.
• Overdose: Taking too much codeine can lead to overdose, which can be fatal. Symptoms of overdose may include extreme drowsiness, confusion, shallow breathing, and loss of consciousness.
• Special Populations: Codeine may be contraindicated or require dosage adjustments in certain populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals with respiratory conditions, and the elderly.

It’s crucial to use codeine under the supervision of a healthcare professional, follow the prescribed dosage, and communicate any concerns or side effects promptly. If there are any questions or uncertainties about codeine use, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Codeine is a prescription medication commonly prescribed for its analgesic (pain-relieving) and antitussive (cough-suppressant) properties. Here are some common reasons why codeine might be prescribed:

• Pain Relief: Codeine is often used to manage mild to moderate pain. It belongs to the opioid class of analgesics and works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, decreasing the perception of pain.
• Cough Suppression: Codeine is also used as a cough suppressant. It can help reduce the urge to cough by acting on the cough center in the brain.

How should this medicine be used?

Regarding how codeine should be used, it’s crucial to follow the prescribed instructions provided by a healthcare professional. Here are some general guidelines:

• Dosage: The dosage of codeine will vary depending on the specific condition being treated and individual factors. It is important to take the prescribed amount and not exceed the recommended dosage.
• Frequency: Codeine is usually taken as needed for pain relief or at scheduled intervals for cough suppression. Follow the prescribed schedule and do not take more frequent doses without consulting your healthcare provider.
• Formulation: Codeine may be available in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, and liquid forms. Take the medication as directed, and if you are prescribed a liquid form, use the provided measuring device to ensure accurate dosing.
• Duration: Use codeine for the prescribed duration. Do not continue taking it beyond the recommended period without consulting your healthcare provider.
• Avoid Alcohol and Other Central Nervous System Depressants: Codeine can enhance the sedative effects of alcohol and other drugs that depress the central nervous system. Avoid consuming alcohol or other substances that may interact adversely with codeine.
• Monitor Side Effects: Be aware of potential side effects, such as drowsiness, constipation, and nausea. If you experience severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare provider.

It’s essential to communicate openly with your healthcare provider about your medical history, any medications you are currently taking, and any concerns or questions you may have about codeine. This helps ensure safe and effective use of the medication. If you have any uncertainties or experience adverse effects, seek medical advice promptly.

Other uses for this medicine

Some examples of other uses for codeine include:

• Diarrhea: Codeine can be used in certain cases to help control severe diarrhea, as it has a constipating effect that slows down bowel movements.
• Migraine Headaches: Codeine may be included in combination with other medications for the treatment of severe migraine headaches.
• Dyspnea (Breathlessness): In some cases, codeine may be used to relieve breathlessness associated with certain medical conditions.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions, here are some key considerations for the use of codeine:

• Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider about your complete medical history, especially if you have a history of respiratory conditions, liver or kidney disease, substance abuse, or mental health disorders.
• Allergies: Let your healthcare provider know if you are allergic to codeine or any other medications.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Codeine use during pregnancy and breastfeeding may require careful monitoring and adjustments.
• Interactions: Be cautious about potential drug interactions. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, as well as herbal supplements.
• Respiratory Conditions: Codeine can suppress respiratory function, so it should be used with caution in individuals with respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• Avoid Alcohol: Consumption of alcohol while taking codeine can increase the risk of sedation and respiratory depression. It’s generally advisable to avoid alcohol during codeine treatment.
• Driving and Operating Machinery: Codeine can cause drowsiness and impair cognitive function. Avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery, until you know how codeine affects you.

Always take codeine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. If you have any concerns or experience unexpected side effects, contact your healthcare professional promptly. Additionally, never self-adjust the dosage or abruptly stop taking codeine without consulting your healthcare provider, as doing so can lead to withdrawal symptoms.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with codeine. However, it’s important to maintain a balanced and healthy diet, especially if you are using codeine for an extended period. A diet rich in fiber can help alleviate constipation, a common side effect of opioid medications like codeine.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of codeine:

• If it’s close to the next scheduled dose: Skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
• If there’s ample time before the next dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular schedule.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Codeine, like any medication, can cause side effects. It’s important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and their severity can vary from person to person. Common side effects of codeine include:

• Drowsiness: Codeine can cause drowsiness, which may impair your ability to concentrate or operate machinery. Avoid activities that require mental alertness until you know how codeine affects you.
• Constipation: Opioid medications, including codeine, are known for causing constipation. It’s advisable to maintain a diet rich in fiber, stay hydrated, and consider over-the-counter remedies if constipation becomes problematic.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting as a side effect of codeine. Taking the medication with food may help alleviate these symptoms.
• Dizziness: Codeine can cause dizziness, especially when standing up quickly. Take care to rise slowly from a sitting or lying position to minimize the risk of dizziness.
• Itching or Rash: Allergic reactions to codeine can manifest as itching or a rash. If you experience these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider promptly.
• Respiratory Depression: In high doses, codeine can suppress the respiratory system, leading to shallow or slow breathing. This is a serious side effect and requires immediate medical attention.
• Urinary Retention: Codeine may cause difficulty in passing urine for some individuals. If you experience any issues with urination, inform your healthcare provider.
• Confusion or Hallucinations: In some cases, codeine may cause confusion or hallucinations. If you experience these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider.
• Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure): Codeine can cause a drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness. If you feel lightheaded or dizzy, especially when standing up, inform your healthcare provider.
• Dependence and Withdrawal: Prolonged use of codeine can lead to physical dependence. Abruptly stopping the medication may result in withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and flu-like symptoms.

It’s crucial to take codeine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider and to report any side effects promptly. If you experience severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare professional for guidance. Additionally, be sure to inform your healthcare provider of any other medications you are taking to avoid potential drug interactions. If you have concerns about the side effects of codeine, discuss them with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Codeine:

• Storage:
  • Keep codeine in its original packaging and store it at room temperature, away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight.
  • Store it out of reach of children and pets.
  • Follow any specific storage instructions provided by your pharmacist or healthcare provider.
• Disposal:
  • Dispose of unused or expired codeine properly to prevent accidental ingestion or misuse.
  • Follow local guidelines for medication disposal, which may include using a drug take-back program or returning the medication to a pharmacy.
  • Do not flush codeine down the toilet unless instructed to do so.

In case of emergency/overdose

If you suspect an overdose or experience severe symptoms, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Symptoms of codeine overdose may include:

• Extreme drowsiness or inability to wake up
• Slow, shallow, or difficult breathing
• Severe confusion
• Cold, clammy skin
• Unresponsiveness or loss of consciousness

What other information should I know?

• Follow Prescribed Dosage: Take codeine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dosage, and follow the prescribed schedule.
• Avoid Alcohol and Sedatives: Codeine can enhance the sedative effects of alcohol and other drugs that depress the central nervous system. Avoid consuming alcohol or using sedatives while taking codeine.
• Inform Healthcare Provider: Keep your healthcare provider informed about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. This helps prevent potential drug interactions.
• Regular Monitoring: Attend scheduled follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your response to codeine and discuss any concerns or side effects.
• Driving and Operating Machinery: Codeine can cause drowsiness and impair cognitive function. Avoid activities that require mental alertness until you know how codeine affects you.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Codeine use during pregnancy and breastfeeding may require special considerations.
• Medical Alert Bracelet: If you are prescribed codeine and have a known allergy or medical condition that may affect your response to the medication, consider wearing a medical alert bracelet to inform emergency medical personnel.

Always consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have any specific questions or concerns about the use, storage, or disposal of codeine. It’s crucial to have a clear understanding of the medication’s proper use and potential risks. If you experience unexpected side effects or have doubts, seek medical advice promptly.