Why is this medication prescribed?

Nivolumab is a prescription medication used in the treatment of certain types of cancer. It belongs to a class of drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors, which work by enhancing the body’s immune response against cancer cells.

Nivolumab is prescribed for the treatment of various types of cancer, including:

• Melanoma: It is used in patients with advanced melanoma (a type of skin cancer) that has spread or cannot be surgically removed.
• Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Nivolumab is used as a treatment for metastatic NSCLC, particularly for patients who have progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy.
• Renal cell carcinoma: It is used for advanced renal cell carcinoma, a type of kidney cancer.
• Classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma: Nivolumab is used in patients with classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma that has relapsed or progressed after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) therapy.
• Head and neck cancer: Nivolumab is prescribed for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
• Urothelial carcinoma: It is used for advanced urothelial carcinoma (bladder cancer) that has progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy.
• Colorectal cancer: Nivolumab is used for colorectal cancer with certain specific molecular features in cases that have progressed after chemotherapy.
• Hepatocellular carcinoma: It is used for hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) in patients who have previously been treated with sorafenib.

It’s important to note that Nivolumab should only be used under the supervision and prescription of a qualified healthcare professional, typically an oncologist.

How should this medicine be used?

Nivolumab is administered as an intravenous (IV) infusion, meaning it is injected directly into a vein. The dosage and frequency of administration depend on the type of cancer being treated and other individual patient factors. The treatment schedule will be determined by the prescribing doctor.

Typically, Nivolumab is given every two to four weeks. The duration of treatment may vary, and the therapy may continue as long as it is effective and well-tolerated by the patient.

It’s essential to receive Nivolumab injections as prescribed by your doctor and to attend all scheduled appointments for the treatment to be most effective. Additionally, your healthcare team will monitor you for any potential side effects and adjust the treatment plan accordingly.

As with any cancer treatment, it’s important to discuss any concerns or questions you may have with your healthcare provider. They can provide you with specific information regarding your condition and the appropriate use of Nivolumab.

Other uses for this medicine

Nivolumab (Opdivo) is primarily used for the treatment of various types of cancer, as mentioned in the previous response. However, medical research is continuously evolving, and there may have been updates or new indications for Nivolumab since then. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional or oncologist to get the most up-to-date information on the drug’s uses.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions for Nivolumab Injection:

• Medical History: Before starting Nivolumab treatment, inform your healthcare provider about your complete medical history, including any past or present medical conditions, allergies, and previous treatments.
• Immune-related adverse reactions: Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and it can cause immune-related adverse reactions in some patients. These may include inflammation of different organs, such as the lungs, liver, intestines, skin, or hormone glands. Inform your healthcare provider if you experience any new or unusual symptoms during treatment.
• Infections: Nivolumab may weaken the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. Inform your doctor if you have a history of infections or are currently experiencing any signs of infection, such as fever, cough, or flu-like symptoms.
• Pre-existing immune disorders: If you have pre-existing immune system disorders, discuss with your doctor whether Nivolumab is suitable for you, as it may exacerbate certain conditions.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Nivolumab may cause harm to a developing fetus, so it is essential to use effective contraception during treatment and avoid becoming pregnant. If you are breastfeeding, discuss the risks and benefits of Nivolumab with your doctor, as it is not recommended during breastfeeding.
• Vaccinations: Do not receive live vaccines while on Nivolumab treatment, as it can potentially lead to severe or even fatal infections. Ask your doctor about the appropriate timing for vaccinations before or after starting Nivolumab.
• Side effects: Like all medications, Nivolumab may cause side effects. Common side effects include fatigue, rash, diarrhea, nausea, and muscle pain. However, some side effects can be severe, such as pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, and thyroid problems. Inform your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any concerning side effects.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring is necessary during Nivolumab treatment to assess its effectiveness and to detect and manage any potential side effects.
• Drug interactions: Inform your doctor about all other medications and supplements you are taking, as some drugs may interact with Nivolumab, potentially affecting its efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions and attend all scheduled appointments during Nivolumab treatment. If you have any questions or concerns, do not hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider to ensure the safest and most effective use of the medication.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Nivolumab treatment. However, it’s generally essential to maintain a healthy and balanced diet to support your overall health and immune system while undergoing cancer treatment. Focus on consuming a variety of nutrient-rich foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Staying hydrated is also crucial, so be sure to drink an adequate amount of water daily.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a scheduled dose of Nivolumab, it’s crucial to contact your healthcare provider or oncology team immediately for guidance. The timing and administration of cancer treatments are often critical for their effectiveness, so it’s essential not to delay or skip doses without consulting your healthcare provider first.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Nivolumab (Opdivo) is generally well-tolerated, but like all medications, it can cause side effects. The side effects of Nivolumab can vary from person to person and depend on the individual’s overall health, the type of cancer being treated, and the combination of treatments used. Some common side effects of Nivolumab include:

• Fatigue: Feeling tired or weak is a common side effect of Nivolumab treatment.
• Skin Reactions: Rashes, itching, and skin changes may occur.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite can occur.
• Liver Problems: Nivolumab can cause liver inflammation, leading to elevated liver enzyme levels in the blood.
• Pneumonitis: Inflammation of the lungs can cause cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
• Endocrine Disorders: Nivolumab can affect hormone-producing glands, leading to thyroid problems, adrenal insufficiency, or diabetes.
• Immune-related Side Effects: As Nivolumab affects the immune system, it can cause immune-related adverse reactions, such as pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, nephritis, and others.
• Infusion Reactions: Some people may experience allergic reactions during or shortly after the infusion of Nivolumab, leading to symptoms like fever, chills, rash, or difficulty breathing.
• Musculoskeletal Pain: Joint pain and muscle pain can occur.
• Neurological Side Effects: Rarely, Nivolumab may cause neurological problems, including neuropathy or meningitis.

It’s important to note that while many people may experience some side effects, others may experience none at all. Moreover, the severity and frequency of side effects can vary widely. Your healthcare team will closely monitor you during treatment and can help manage any side effects that may arise. If you experience any new or worsening symptoms while on Nivolumab, it’s essential to inform your healthcare provider promptly.

In some cases, serious and potentially life-threatening side effects can occur with Nivolumab treatment. However, the overall benefit of the medication in treating cancer often outweighs the risks. It’s essential to have open communication with your healthcare provider about any concerns or questions you may have during your treatment. They can provide you with personalized information and support throughout your cancer care journey.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Nivolumab Injection:

1. Storage:
   • Nivolumab is typically stored in a healthcare facility, such as a hospital or clinic, where it will be administered by healthcare professionals.
   • The drug is stored in its original packaging and should be kept at the recommended temperature as specified by the manufacturer or healthcare provider.
2. Disposal:
   • Since Nivolumab is administered by healthcare professionals, any unused or expired medication will be handled and disposed of appropriately by the healthcare facility.
   • Do not attempt to dispose of the medication yourself; instead, follow the guidelines and procedures set by the healthcare facility.

In case of emergency/overdose

If you believe you or someone else may have experienced an overdose or a severe adverse reaction to Nivolumab, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Contact your local emergency services or go to the nearest hospital. Be sure to inform the medical personnel about the specific drug you have taken and the dosage if possible.

What other information should I know

• Regular Monitoring: Your healthcare provider will monitor your progress and conduct regular check-ups to assess the effectiveness of Nivolumab and detect any potential side effects.
• Pregnancy and Contraception: Nivolumab can harm a developing fetus, so it’s crucial to use effective contraception during treatment and avoid becoming pregnant. If you become pregnant or plan to conceive during treatment, inform your healthcare provider immediately.
• Immunizations: Do not receive live vaccines while on Nivolumab treatment, as it can potentially lead to severe or even fatal infections. Ask your healthcare provider about the appropriate timing for vaccinations before or after starting Nivolumab.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications and supplements you are taking, as some drugs may interact with Nivolumab, potentially affecting its efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects.
• Allergic Reactions: If you have a history of allergic reactions to Nivolumab or any of its components, inform your healthcare provider before starting the treatment.
• Follow-up Care: It’s essential to attend all scheduled appointments with your healthcare provider to ensure the safe and effective use of Nivolumab and to address any concerns or side effects promptly.
• Patient Support: Cancer treatment can be emotionally and physically challenging. Reach out to support groups, friends, or family members to help you through your cancer journey.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and guidelines regarding the use of Nivolumab. If you have any questions or concerns about the medication or its potential side effects, discuss them with your healthcare team for personalized guidance and care.