Why is this medication prescribed?

Niraparib is a medication prescribed for the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly ovarian cancer. It belongs to a class of drugs known as PARP inhibitors (Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors). PARP is an enzyme involved in repairing damaged DNA in cells. Cancer cells, especially those with BRCA mutations, are more dependent on the PARP pathway for DNA repair, making them sensitive to PARP inhibitors like Niraparib. By inhibiting PARP, Niraparib helps prevent cancer cells from repairing their damaged DNA, ultimately leading to their death.

Conditions for which Niraparib is commonly prescribed include:

• Ovarian Cancer: Niraparib is used as a maintenance treatment for patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have responded to platinum-based chemotherapy.
• Advanced Ovarian Cancer: It can also be prescribed for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in patients who have already received multiple lines of chemotherapy.

How should this medicine be used?

The dosage and treatment regimen may vary depending on the specific type of cancer and individual patient characteristics. It is essential to follow the instructions provided by the prescribing oncologist. Generally, Niraparib is available in the form of oral capsules.

The usual recommended dose for Niraparib is taken once daily, with or without food. The capsules should be swallowed whole and not crushed or opened. The dosing schedule and duration of treatment will be determined by the oncologist based on the patient’s response and overall health.

It’s crucial to take the medication consistently and as prescribed by the doctor. If you miss a dose, you should consult your healthcare provider on how to proceed. Additionally, any potential side effects or concerns should be promptly discussed with the doctor.

As with any cancer treatment, Niraparib may have potential side effects, and the patient should be closely monitored by their healthcare team throughout the course of treatment.

Please note that medical information provided here is general in nature, and specific instructions for any medication should always be obtained from a qualified healthcare professional familiar with the patient’s medical history and condition.

Other uses for this medicine

Niraparib is primarily used for the treatment of ovarian cancer, particularly as a maintenance therapy in certain cases. However, ongoing clinical trials and research may explore its potential for other cancer types or medical conditions. Always consult a healthcare professional or check updated medical literature for the latest information on alternative uses.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions for Niraparib:

• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Niraparib may cause harm to the developing fetus, so it is not recommended during pregnancy. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, inform your doctor. Similarly, breastfeeding should be avoided while taking Niraparib, as it may pass into breast milk and harm the nursing infant.
• Bone Marrow Suppression: Niraparib can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to low blood cell counts. This may increase the risk of infections, anemia, and bleeding. Regular blood tests will be conducted to monitor blood counts during treatment.
• Hypertension: Niraparib may cause an increase in blood pressure. Regular blood pressure monitoring is essential during treatment. If you have a history of hypertension or cardiovascular disease, your doctor will monitor you closely and may adjust your treatment accordingly.
• Gastrointestinal Effects: Niraparib can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Your doctor may prescribe medications to manage these side effects. It’s crucial to stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet during treatment.
• Liver Function: Niraparib can affect liver function, so regular liver function tests will be performed during treatment.
• Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Niraparib. If you notice any signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.
• Interaction with Other Medications: Inform your doctor about all the medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking, as Niraparib may interact with certain drugs, affecting their efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects.
• Prior Medical Conditions: Make sure your doctor is aware of any pre-existing medical conditions, especially kidney or liver problems, before starting Niraparib treatment.
• Driving and Operating Machinery: Niraparib may cause dizziness or fatigue. If you experience these side effects, avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how the medication affects you.

Always follow your doctor’s advice and report any unusual or severe side effects during treatment with Niraparib. Each patient’s case is unique, so it’s essential to have open communication with your healthcare team throughout the treatment process.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions for patients taking Niraparib. However, it is generally recommended to take the medication with or without food, as directed by your healthcare provider. If you experience any gastrointestinal side effects like nausea or stomach upset, taking Niraparib with food may help alleviate these symptoms. Otherwise, there are no known food interactions that require special dietary adjustments while on this medication.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of Niraparib, the best course of action is to take it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Niraparib, like any medication, may cause side effects. Not everyone will experience these side effects, and their severity can vary from person to person. Some common side effects of Niraparib include:

• Bone Marrow Suppression: Niraparib can lead to a decrease in the number of blood cells, including red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (neutropenia), and platelets (thrombocytopenia). This can result in fatigue, increased risk of infections, and easy bruising or bleeding.
• Gastrointestinal Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation are common side effects associated with Niraparib. Your doctor may prescribe medications to manage these symptoms.
• Fatigue: Some patients may experience fatigue or weakness while on Niraparib.
• Loss of Appetite: A reduced appetite or loss of appetite is possible.
• Hypertension: Niraparib can cause an increase in blood pressure in some individuals.
• Headache: Headaches are reported as a common side effect.
• Dizziness: Some patients may experience dizziness or lightheadedness.
• Difficulty Sleeping: Insomnia or difficulty sleeping may occur.
• Changes in Liver Function: Niraparib may affect liver function in some individuals, leading to elevated liver enzyme levels.
• Muscle or Joint Pain: Muscle pain, joint pain, or back pain are possible side effects.
• Respiratory Issues: Niraparib can cause shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
• Changes in Taste: Some individuals may experience alterations in their sense of taste.
• Rash or Skin Reactions: Skin rash, itching, or other skin reactions are possible.
• Mood Changes: Mood swings or changes in mood may occur.

It’s important to note that not all patients will experience these side effects, and some individuals may experience side effects not listed here. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms while taking Niraparib, it’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider promptly. Your doctor will monitor your treatment progress and can help manage any side effects that may arise.

Additionally, patients may have different risk factors or pre-existing conditions that can influence the likelihood and severity of side effects. Open communication with your healthcare team can help ensure that any side effects are addressed appropriately, and adjustments to your treatment plan can be made if necessary.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage of Niraparib:

• Niraparib should be stored at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Keep it in its original container, and make sure the container is tightly closed.
• Store the medication out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not use Niraparib after the expiration date mentioned on the packaging.

Disposal of Niraparib:

• If you have any unused or expired Niraparib capsules, do not flush them down the toilet or throw them in the trash.
• Properly dispose of the medication through drug take-back programs, if available in your area.
• If there are no take-back programs, consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal facility for proper disposal instructions.

In case of emergency/overdose

• If you suspect an overdose of Niraparib or experience severe adverse effects, seek immediate medical attention or call your local emergency number.
• Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, or difficulty breathing.

What other information should I know

• Attend all scheduled appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your response to Niraparib and assess for any side effects.
• Inform your doctor about all the medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking before starting Niraparib, as there may be potential interactions.
• Niraparib can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to a decrease in blood cell counts. Regular blood tests will be conducted to monitor your blood counts during treatment.
• Niraparib may increase the risk of developing certain types of secondary cancers, such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Your doctor will monitor you for any signs of these conditions.
• Let your healthcare provider know if you experience any new or unusual symptoms while on Niraparib, as they may be related to the medication or your underlying condition.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions and report any concerns or adverse effects promptly. Your healthcare team is there to support you throughout your treatment journey and can provide personalized guidance based on your specific medical situation.