WARNING

While Naltrexone is generally considered safe and well-tolerated, there are some risks associated with its use. Here’s a brief overview of the potential risks of taking Naltrexone:

• Liver Damage: Naltrexone has the potential to cause liver damage, especially when used in high doses or for prolonged periods. Regular monitoring of liver function is important, and individuals with liver problems should use Naltrexone with caution or under close medical supervision.
• Opioid Withdrawal: If someone initiates Naltrexone while still using opioids, it can trigger sudden and severe withdrawal symptoms. It’s crucial to be completely free of opioids for a certain period before starting Naltrexone treatment.
• Reduced Pain Relief: Naltrexone blocks the effects of opioids, which can reduce the effectiveness of opioid pain medications. If a person taking Naltrexone requires pain management, alternative non-opioid options should be considered.
• Allergic Reactions: While rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Naltrexone, including rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing. Immediate medical attention is necessary if such reactions occur.
• Interaction with Other Medications: Naltrexone can interact with certain medications, such as opioids, pain relievers, and drugs that affect liver function. These interactions can lead to adverse effects or reduced efficacy of medications. Informing healthcare providers about all medications being taken is important to avoid potential interactions.
• Depression and Suicidal Thoughts: Although uncommon, some individuals may experience depressive symptoms or have suicidal thoughts while taking Naltrexone. Close monitoring is necessary, especially in those with a history of depression or other mental health conditions.

It’s important to note that the risks associated with Naltrexone should be weighed against the potential benefits in consultation with a healthcare professional. They can provide personalized advice and closely monitor your progress while on Naltrexone to mitigate any risks and maximize the medication’s effectiveness.

Why is this medication prescribed?

People who have quit using drugs and alcohol can continue to abstain from them with the aid of naltrexone, therapy, and social support. People who continue to use illicit drugs or consume excessive amounts of alcohol shouldn’t be treated with naltrexone. Opiate antagonists are a group of drugs that includes naltrexone. It functions by reducing the desire for alcohol and obstructing the effects of opiate prescription pharmaceuticals and illicit opioid substances.

How should this medicine be used?

The specific instructions for using naltrexone may vary depending on the formulation prescribed by the healthcare provider. Here are some general guidelines, but it’s crucial to follow the instructions provided by your doctor or pharmacist:

• Dosage: Naltrexone is available in different forms, such as oral tablets or implantable pellets (e.g., Probuphine). The dosage and frequency of administration will be determined by your healthcare provider based on your specific needs.
• Medical Evaluation: Before starting naltrexone treatment, your doctor will conduct a thorough medical evaluation to ensure it is safe and appropriate for you. Inform your healthcare provider about any medical conditions, medications, or substances you are currently taking.
• Compliance: It’s essential to take naltrexone regularly and as prescribed. Do not skip doses or discontinue the medication without consulting your healthcare provider.
• Counseling and Support: Naltrexone is most effective when used as part of a comprehensive treatment program that includes counseling, therapy, and support groups. Engage in the recommended psychosocial interventions to address the underlying issues associated with alcohol or opioid dependence.
• Side Effects and Precautions: Be aware of the potential side effects of naltrexone, which can include nausea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, or changes in liver function. If you experience any concerning side effects, notify your healthcare provider promptly. Also, inform all healthcare professionals involved in your care that you are taking naltrexone.
• Withdrawal Risk: If you are using naltrexone to treat opioid dependence, it’s important to note that the medication can precipitate withdrawal symptoms if you have opioids in your system. Therefore, it’s crucial to abstain from opioids for a specific duration (usually 7-10 days) before starting naltrexone treatment. Follow your doctor’s instructions regarding the opioid-free period.

Always consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific instructions and guidance on how to use naltrexone safely and effectively. They can provide you with the most accurate information based on your individual circumstances.

Other uses for this medicine

• Alcohol moderation: In some cases, naltrexone may be used to help individuals reduce their alcohol consumption rather than abstain completely. This approach is known as the Sinclair Method, where the medication is taken prior to drinking, reducing the rewarding effects of alcohol and potentially leading to decreased alcohol intake over time.
• Opioid overdose prevention: Naltrexone can be used in emergency situations to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose. However, it should only be administered by trained medical professionals, as the dosage and timing are critical for effective intervention.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions with naltrexone, here are a few important considerations:

• Opioid Withdrawal: If you are physically dependent on opioids, abruptly starting naltrexone can lead to rapid and severe opioid withdrawal symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial to be opioid-free for a specific duration (usually 7-10 days) before initiating naltrexone treatment.
• Liver Function: Naltrexone may affect liver function, so individuals with liver disease or impaired liver function should use naltrexone with caution. Regular monitoring of liver function may be necessary during treatment.
• Opioid Analgesics: Naltrexone blocks the effects of opioid medications. If you require pain relief for any reason, you may need higher doses of opioids to overcome the blockage. Inform healthcare providers that you are taking naltrexone to ensure appropriate pain management.
• Adverse Reactions: Like any medication, naltrexone can cause side effects. Common side effects include nausea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances. If you experience severe or persistent side effects, consult your healthcare provider.

It’s important to note that these off-label uses and precautions are based on current research and understanding, but they may evolve as more evidence becomes available. Always consult with your healthcare provider for guidance specific to your condition and individual circumstances.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary instructions that need to be followed for naltrexone. However, it is generally recommended to follow a healthy and balanced diet while taking any medication.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of naltrexone tablets, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Naltrexone, like any medication, can potentially cause side effects. Not everyone will experience side effects, and their severity and frequency can vary among individuals. Common side effects associated with naltrexone include:

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, and loss of appetite are possible side effects of naltrexone. These effects are usually mild and tend to diminish over time.
• Headache: Some individuals may experience headaches while taking naltrexone. If this side effect persists or becomes severe, it is advisable to consult your healthcare provider.
• Fatigue: Naltrexone can cause feelings of tiredness or fatigue in some individuals.
• Dizziness: Dizziness or lightheadedness may occur as a side effect of naltrexone.
• Insomnia: Difficulty sleeping or insomnia has been reported by some individuals taking naltrexone.
• Anxiety or Nervousness: In rare cases, naltrexone can lead to increased anxiety or feelings of nervousness.
• Muscle or Joint Pain: Some individuals may experience muscle or joint pain while on naltrexone.
• Liver Function Changes: Although rare, naltrexone can cause changes in liver function. Regular monitoring of liver function may be recommended during treatment, especially for individuals with pre-existing liver conditions.

It’s important to note that this is not an exhaustive list of all possible side effects. Some individuals may experience other uncommon or rare side effects while taking naltrexone. If you experience any concerning or persistent side effects, it is important to consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage:

• Follow the specific storage instructions provided by your pharmacist or included with the medication packaging.
• Generally, naltrexone should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture, heat, and direct light.
• Keep naltrexone out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.

Disposal:

• Dispose of unused or expired naltrexone properly. Do not flush it down the toilet or pour it down the drain unless specifically instructed to do so by the medication packaging or local guidelines.
• Check with your pharmacist or local waste disposal authorities for specific instructions on how to dispose of medication in your area. They may provide guidance on drug take-back programs or other safe disposal methods.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of an emergency or suspected overdose, take the following steps:

• Call emergency services immediately (e.g., 911) if someone is experiencing severe symptoms or is unresponsive.
• If possible, provide emergency responders with information about the medication taken, including naltrexone, and any other substances involved.
• Contact a poison control center (in the United States, call 1-800-222-1222) for guidance on what to do in case of an overdose or accidental ingestion.

What other information should I know?

• Inform your healthcare provider about all the medications (prescription, over-the-counter, or herbal supplements) you are taking, as well as any medical conditions you have. This will help ensure the safe and effective use of naltrexone.
• Follow up regularly with your healthcare provider as directed to monitor your progress, address any concerns, and make any necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.
• Keep a list of emergency contact numbers, including your healthcare provider and local emergency services, readily available in case of any complications or emergencies.

It is crucial to consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific instructions and recommendations related to the storage, disposal, and emergency procedures associated with naltrexone. They can provide you with the most accurate and up-to-date information based on your specific situation and location.