WARNING

Methotrexate is a medication commonly used to treat various medical conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and certain types of cancer. While it can be highly effective in managing these conditions, it also comes with several potential risks and side effects. Here’s a brief overview of the risks associated with taking Methotrexate:

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Methotrexate can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Taking it with food or as prescribed by your healthcare provider can help mitigate these symptoms.
• Liver Damage: Methotrexate can affect the liver, potentially leading to liver damage or elevated liver enzymes. Regular monitoring of liver function is crucial while taking this medication.
• Blood Cell Counts: It may lower your white blood cell and platelet counts, increasing the risk of infections and bleeding. Routine blood tests are necessary to monitor these levels.
• Lung Problems: Rarely, Methotrexate can cause lung inflammation or scarring, leading to symptoms like cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience these symptoms.
• Skin Reactions: Some individuals may develop skin rashes or increased sensitivity to sunlight while on Methotrexate. Sunscreen and protective clothing can help prevent sun-related skin issues.
• Kidney Damage: In rare cases, Methotrexate can affect the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney damage. Regular kidney function monitoring is essential.
• Fertility and Pregnancy: Methotrexate can harm a developing fetus, so it should be avoided during pregnancy. Both men and women taking Methotrexate should use contraception during treatment and for a period afterward.
• Bone Marrow Suppression: Methotrexate can suppress bone marrow function, which may result in anemia and other blood-related issues.
• Infections: Methotrexate can weaken the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections. It’s essential to report any signs of infection to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Interaction with Other Medications: Methotrexate can interact with various drugs, so it’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking to avoid potential complications.
• Methotrexate Toxicity: High doses or accidental overdose of Methotrexate can lead to severe toxicity, which can be life-threatening. Strict adherence to prescribed dosages is vital.

It’s important to note that Methotrexate is typically prescribed under close medical supervision. Your healthcare provider will weigh the potential risks against the benefits and monitor your health regularly to minimize these risks while ensuring the medication is effective for your condition. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and communicate any concerns or side effects promptly.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Methotrexate is prescribed for various medical conditions due to its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties. It is used to treat the following conditions:

• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Methotrexate is a common first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and pain. It helps reduce joint damage and improve symptoms.
• Psoriasis: Methotrexate is used to manage severe psoriasis, a chronic skin condition characterized by scaly and inflamed patches.
• Psoriatic Arthritis: This medication can also be prescribed to manage psoriatic arthritis, a form of arthritis that often occurs in people with psoriasis.
• Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Methotrexate is sometimes used to treat children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), a form of arthritis that affects children.
• Certain Types of Cancer: Methotrexate is used in higher doses to treat certain types of cancer, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and some types of solid tumors.
• Ectopic Pregnancy: In some cases, Methotrexate may be used to treat ectopic pregnancies, where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

How should this medicine be used?

The usage of Methotrexate depends on the specific condition being treated, and it should only be taken under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare provider. Here are some general guidelines for its use:

• Dosage: The dosage varies depending on the condition. It can be taken orally in pill form, injected under the skin, or given intravenously. Follow your doctor’s instructions on how to take it.
• Frequency: Methotrexate is often taken once a week for certain conditions like RA. Follow your healthcare provider’s prescribed schedule.
• Folic Acid: Many patients are also prescribed folic acid supplements to reduce side effects. Ensure you follow your doctor’s recommendations regarding folic acid supplementation.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring is essential when taking Methotrexate. This includes blood tests to check liver function and blood cell counts. The frequency of monitoring will depend on your specific treatment plan.
• Safety Measures: Methotrexate can weaken the immune system, so it’s important to take precautions to avoid infections. Inform your healthcare provider about any signs of illness promptly.
• Pregnancy and Contraception: Methotrexate is not safe during pregnancy, and both men and women should use contraception during treatment and for some time afterward, as it can affect fertility.
• Alcohol: Avoid excessive alcohol consumption while on Methotrexate, as it can increase the risk of liver damage.
• Interaction with Other Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about all the medications and supplements you are taking to prevent potential drug interactions.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully and do not adjust the dosage or stop taking Methotrexate without consulting them, as doing so can affect the effectiveness of the treatment and potentially worsen your condition. They will tailor the treatment plan to your specific needs and closely monitor your progress to minimize potential risks and maximize benefits.

Other uses for this medicine

Multiple sclerosis (MS), in which the immune system attacks the nerves and causes weakness, numbness, loss of muscle coordination, problems with vision, speech, and bladder control, Crohn’s disease (in which the immune system attacks the lining of the digestive tract and causes pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fever), and other autoimmune diseases (diseases that arise when the immune system attacks healthy tissue) are also occasionally treated with methotrexate. Inquire with your doctor about the dangers of using this drug to treat your disease.

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details if you believe this drug should be used for something else.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions when taking Methotrexate, here are some key points to keep in mind:

• Medical Supervision: Methotrexate should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider experienced in its administration and monitoring. Your doctor will determine the appropriate dosage and monitor your progress.
• Pregnancy and Contraception: It’s crucial to avoid becoming pregnant or fathering a child while taking Methotrexate, as it can harm a developing fetus. Effective contraception should be used during treatment and for a period afterward as recommended by your healthcare provider.
• Liver Function: Methotrexate can affect the liver, so regular liver function tests are necessary during treatment. Your doctor will monitor your liver enzyme levels to detect any signs of liver damage.
• Kidney Function: Kidney function should also be monitored regularly, especially if you have preexisting kidney conditions.
• Infections: Methotrexate can weaken the immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. Be vigilant for signs of infection and report them promptly to your healthcare provider.
• Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption should be avoided, as it can increase the risk of liver damage when combined with Methotrexate.
• Folic Acid Supplementation: Your doctor may prescribe folic acid supplements to reduce the risk of certain side effects, such as mouth sores and gastrointestinal upset.
• Interaction with Other Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to prevent potential drug interactions.
• Sun Protection: Methotrexate can increase sensitivity to sunlight, so use sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors to reduce the risk of sunburn.
• Patient Education: Make sure you understand the risks, benefits, and proper use of Methotrexate. If you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s guidance closely when taking Methotrexate to ensure your safety and optimize the therapeutic benefits for your specific medical condition.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Special dietary instructions are not typically associated with Methsuximide use. However, it is generally recommended to take Methsuximide with food or milk to help reduce the risk of stomach upset. This can also aid in the absorption of the medication. If you experience stomach discomfort when taking Methsuximide, discuss it with your healthcare provider, as they may be able to offer additional guidance or recommend specific foods or timing for your doses.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

Regarding a missed dose of Methotrexate:

• If you forget a dose: If you miss a dose of Methotrexate, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
• Consult Your Healthcare Provider: It’s essential to inform your healthcare provider if you miss a dose. They can provide guidance on how to proceed and may adjust your treatment plan if necessary.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Methotrexate can cause a range of side effects, and their severity can vary from person to person. It’s essential to be aware of these potential side effects and discuss them with your healthcare provider. Some common side effects of Methotrexate include:

• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are among the most common side effects. Taking Methotrexate with food or as prescribed by your doctor can help reduce these symptoms.
• Mouth Sores: Some individuals may experience mouth sores or ulcers while taking Methotrexate.
• Fatigue: Methotrexate can cause fatigue or general weakness in some people.
• Headache: Headaches are another possible side effect, although they are typically mild.
• Dizziness: Some individuals may experience dizziness while taking Methotrexate.
• Hair Loss: Temporary hair loss (alopecia) can occur, but it usually reverses when the medication is discontinued.
• Skin Reactions: Skin rashes, itching, and increased sensitivity to sunlight are possible side effects.
• Liver Abnormalities: Methotrexate can affect the liver, potentially leading to elevated liver enzymes or liver damage. Regular monitoring of liver function is crucial.
• Blood Cell Changes: Methotrexate may lower white blood cell and platelet counts, which can increase the risk of infections and bleeding. Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor these levels.
• Lung Problems: Although rare, Methotrexate can cause lung inflammation or scarring, which may result in symptoms like cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience these symptoms.
• Kidney Effects: In rare cases, Methotrexate may affect kidney function, leading to kidney damage. Regular monitoring of kidney function is important.
• Gastrointestinal Ulcers: Serious gastrointestinal side effects, such as ulcers or bleeding, are uncommon but can occur.
• Allergic Reactions: While rare, some people may experience allergic reactions to Methotrexate, which can include hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience these symptoms.

It’s important to note that your healthcare provider will carefully consider the potential benefits of Methotrexate in treating your specific condition compared to the risks of these side effects. They will monitor your health regularly and may adjust your treatment plan or recommend additional measures to manage side effects if they occur.

If you experience any unusual or severe side effects while taking Methotrexate, it’s essential to contact your healthcare provider promptly. Open communication with your doctor can help ensure your safety and well-being during treatment.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Regarding storage and disposal, here are some guidelines:

Storage:

• Keep it Secure: Store Methotrexate out of the reach of children and pets in a secure location.
• Temperature: Store Methotrexate at room temperature, away from excessive heat, moisture, and light.
• Original Container: Keep the medication in its original container, with the label indicating the prescribed dosage and instructions.

Disposal:

• Dispose Properly: Do not keep Methotrexate that is no longer needed. Ask your pharmacist about the proper disposal methods in your area. Many pharmacies can help you safely dispose of unused medications.
• Do Not Flush: Do not flush Methotrexate down the toilet unless specifically instructed to do so by your healthcare provider or a disposal program.

In case of emergency or suspicion of an overdose, take the following steps:

• In Case of Overdose: If you suspect an overdose of Methotrexate, seek immediate medical attention or contact your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222 in the United States.
• Symptoms of Overdose: Symptoms of Methotrexate overdose may include mouth sores, unusual bruising or bleeding, weakness, severe nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, and signs of infection.

What other information should I know?

• Follow Medical Advice: Always take Methotrexate exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not change the dose or stop taking it without consulting your doctor.
• Regular Monitoring: Methotrexate requires regular monitoring of blood counts, liver function, and kidney function. Attend all scheduled appointments and blood tests as recommended by your healthcare provider.
• Folic Acid: Your doctor may recommend folic acid supplementation to reduce certain side effects of Methotrexate. Follow their advice regarding folic acid.
• Avoid Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of liver damage when combined with Methotrexate. It’s advisable to limit alcohol or avoid it altogether.
• Sun Protection: Methotrexate can increase sensitivity to sunlight, so use sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors to reduce the risk of sunburn.
• Inform Healthcare Providers: Ensure that all healthcare providers you see are aware that you are taking Methotrexate. This includes dentists and specialists, as drug interactions can occur.
• Pregnancy and Contraception: If you are of childbearing age, it’s crucial to use effective contraception while taking Methotrexate and for a period after treatment, as the medication can harm a developing fetus.
• Patient Education: Understand the risks, benefits, and potential side effects of Methotrexate. If you have questions or concerns, discuss them with your healthcare provider.

By following these guidelines for storage, disposal, and emergency procedures, and staying informed about the medication, you can help ensure safe and effective use of Methotrexate as prescribed by your healthcare provider.