WARNING

Mefloquine is an antimalarial medication that is used to prevent and treat malaria. While it can be effective in preventing the disease, it also comes with a range of potential risks and side effects. Here are some of the key risks associated with taking Mefloquine:

• Neuropsychiatric Effects: One of the most concerning risks of Mefloquine is its potential to cause neuropsychiatric side effects. These can include mood changes, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, and even more severe symptoms such as psychosis. These effects can be especially problematic for individuals with a history of psychiatric disorders.
• Dizziness and Vertigo: Mefloquine can cause dizziness, vertigo, and problems with balance. These side effects can be particularly problematic when operating heavy machinery or driving, potentially leading to accidents.
• Seizures: In some cases, Mefloquine has been associated with an increased risk of seizures. This risk is higher in individuals with a history of seizures or certain neurological conditions.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Common side effects of Mefloquine include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms can be bothersome and may lead to decreased compliance with the medication.
• Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Mefloquine, which can include rash, itching, and swelling of the face, lips, or tongue. In severe cases, anaphylaxis can occur, which is a life-threatening allergic reaction.
• Heart Rhythm Abnormalities: Mefloquine may rarely cause disturbances in heart rhythm, which can be dangerous, especially in individuals with pre-existing cardiac conditions.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Mefloquine should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as it may have potential risks to the developing fetus or nursing infant. Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential in such cases.
• Drug Interactions: Mefloquine can interact with other medications, including certain antimalarials and drugs that affect the liver, potentially leading to adverse effects or reduced efficacy.

It’s important to note that while Mefloquine can be an effective antimalarial medication, its use should be carefully considered, and individuals should be screened for contraindications and pre-existing conditions before starting treatment. Patients prescribed Mefloquine should be closely monitored for any adverse effects, and if any concerning symptoms arise, they should seek medical attention promptly. Additionally, alternative antimalarial options may be considered for individuals at higher risk of experiencing the side effects mentioned above. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance on malaria prevention and treatment.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Mefloquine is prescribed primarily for the prevention and treatment of malaria, a potentially life-threatening mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. It is particularly used in regions where malaria is prevalent and the parasites are resistant to other antimalarial medications. Here’s a breakdown of its common uses:

• Malaria Prevention: Mefloquine is often prescribed to individuals traveling to or residing in areas with a high risk of malaria transmission. It is taken as a prophylactic (preventive) measure to reduce the risk of contracting the disease.
• Malaria Treatment: Mefloquine can also be used to treat malaria infections. It is generally reserved for cases where the malaria parasite is known or suspected to be resistant to other antimalarial drugs like chloroquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.

How should this medicine be used?

Here are some general guidelines for using Mefloquine:

• Prescription: Mefloquine is available only by prescription from a healthcare provider. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional before taking Mefloquine, especially if you plan to use it for malaria prevention during travel.
• Dosage: The dosage of Mefloquine can vary depending on the purpose (prevention or treatment), your age, weight, and other factors. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and the dosing recommendations provided with the medication.
• Timing: For malaria prevention, Mefloquine is typically started at least one to two weeks before traveling to a malaria-endemic area. It is continued during the trip and for a specific duration after returning home, as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
• With Food: Mefloquine should be taken with food or a milky drink to improve absorption and reduce the risk of stomach upset.
• Complete the Course: If you are using Mefloquine to treat a malaria infection, it is crucial to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by your healthcare provider, even if you start feeling better before the medication is finished.
• Avoid Alcohol: It’s generally recommended to avoid alcohol while taking Mefloquine, as it can increase the risk of certain side effects, especially those related to the nervous system.
• Side Effects Monitoring: Be aware of potential side effects, especially neuropsychiatric symptoms like mood changes, anxiety, or depression. If you experience any concerning side effects, contact your healthcare provider promptly.
• Special Considerations: Mefloquine may not be suitable for everyone, especially those with a history of certain medical conditions, psychiatric disorders, or known allergies to the medication. Your healthcare provider will assess your suitability for Mefloquine based on your medical history and current health.

It’s essential to have a thorough discussion with your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of Mefloquine, especially if you are planning to use it for malaria prevention during travel. Additionally, keep in mind that recommendations for antimalarial medications can change over time, so it’s crucial to stay updated on the latest guidance for the specific region you plan to visit.

Other uses for this medicine

Mefloquine is primarily indicated for malaria prevention and treatment. It is not typically used for other medical conditions. However, in some cases, healthcare providers may prescribe it off-label for certain conditions, such as:

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Mefloquine has been studied as a potential treatment for PTSD, although its use for this purpose is less common and not FDA-approved.
• Traveler’s Diarrhea: Some travelers have reported using Mefloquine to prevent traveler’s diarrhea, although this is not its primary indication, and other medications are usually recommended for this purpose.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions should be taken when using Mefloquine, and it’s essential to discuss these with your healthcare provider. Here are some important precautions and considerations:

• Consult with a Healthcare Provider: Before starting Mefloquine, consult with a healthcare provider who is knowledgeable about travel medicine. They can assess your specific travel plans, medical history, and any contraindications or interactions with other medications you may be taking.
• Allergies and Side Effects: Inform your healthcare provider about any known allergies or past adverse reactions to Mefloquine or similar drugs. Be aware of potential side effects, which can include nausea, dizziness, sleep disturbances, and vivid dreams. If you experience severe or unusual side effects, contact a healthcare professional.
• Psychiatric Conditions: Mefloquine may have neuropsychiatric side effects, including mood changes and, rarely, severe psychiatric reactions. Inform your healthcare provider if you have a history of psychiatric conditions or if you experience mood changes during treatment.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult with a healthcare provider before taking Mefloquine, as its safety in these situations is not well-established.
• Interactions: Discuss potential drug interactions with your healthcare provider, as Mefloquine can interact with other medications you may be taking.
• Driving and Operating Machinery: Mefloquine can cause dizziness and affect your ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. Avoid these activities if you experience such side effects.
• Alcohol: It’s advisable to avoid alcohol while taking Mefloquine, as it can increase the risk of certain side effects.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and adhere to local guidelines when using Mefloquine for malaria prevention or treatment. Additionally, keep in mind that recommendations and guidelines may change over time, so it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for the most up-to-date information and guidance.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Take with Food: Mefloquine is typically taken with food or a full glass of milk to help improve its absorption and reduce the risk of stomach upset. Taking it with a meal can also help mask any potential side effects.
• Avoid Alcohol: It’s advisable to avoid alcohol while taking mefloquine, as it may increase the risk of certain side effects, such as dizziness, nausea, and liver problems.
• Grapefruit: Some medications interact with grapefruit and grapefruit juice, but there are no known interactions between mefloquine and grapefruit. However, it’s always a good idea to consult with your healthcare provider to be sure.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of mefloquine, here’s what you should do:

• If it’s within 2 weeks of departure: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Then, continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• If it’s more than 2 weeks before departure: You should skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one.
• If you are using mefloquine for malaria treatment: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take extra mefloquine to compensate for the missed dose.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Mefloquine, like many medications, can cause side effects. It’s important to be aware of these potential side effects when taking the medication. Not everyone will experience these side effects, and some people may experience them to a greater degree than others. Common side effects of Mefloquine can include:

• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: These are some of the most common side effects and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Taking Mefloquine with food can help reduce the risk of these symptoms.
• Dizziness and Vertigo: Mefloquine can cause dizziness, a spinning sensation (vertigo), or problems with balance. These effects can be more pronounced during activities that require concentration, such as driving or operating machinery.
• Mood Changes and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: Mefloquine is known for its potential to cause neuropsychiatric side effects. These can include mood changes, anxiety, depression, restlessness, vivid dreams, and in rare cases, hallucinations and psychosis. Individuals with a history of psychiatric disorders may be at a higher risk.
• Sleep Disturbances: Some people taking Mefloquine may experience sleep disturbances, such as insomnia or unusual dreams.
• Headache: Headache is another common side effect that may occur while taking Mefloquine.
• Visual Disturbances: Blurred vision or other visual disturbances have been reported as side effects.
• Rash and Itching: Skin reactions, including rash and itching, may occur in some individuals.
• Cardiac Effects: Mefloquine may rarely cause disturbances in heart rhythm, leading to palpitations and other cardiac symptoms. This is more likely to occur in individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.
• Allergic Reactions: While rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Mefloquine. Signs of an allergic reaction can include rash, itching, swelling of the face or tongue, and difficulty breathing. Seek immediate medical attention if this occurs.
• Seizures: Although uncommon, Mefloquine may increase the risk of seizures, particularly in individuals with a history of seizures or certain neurological conditions.

It’s essential to be vigilant for these side effects while taking Mefloquine. If you experience any severe or concerning side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately. They can assess your condition and determine whether it’s necessary to discontinue Mefloquine or consider an alternative medication.

Before starting Mefloquine, discuss your medical history and any current medications or supplements with your healthcare provider. They can help determine whether Mefloquine is a suitable option for you and provide guidance on how to manage potential side effects. Additionally, follow your healthcare provider’s instructions closely and report any side effects promptly to ensure your safety and well-being while taking the medication.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage:

• Keep Out of Reach of Children: Store Mefloquine in a secure place, out of the reach of children and pets.
• Room Temperature: Store Mefloquine at room temperature away from excessive heat and moisture. Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.
• Original Container: Keep the medication in its original container with the label intact. This helps ensure you have the correct information about the medication.

Disposal:

• Follow Local Regulations: Dispose of Mefloquine and its packaging according to local regulations. Do not flush it down the toilet or throw it in the trash without following proper disposal guidelines.
• Take-Back Programs: Many communities have medication take-back programs or designated drop-off locations for safe disposal of unused or expired medications. Check with your local pharmacy or law enforcement agency for information on such programs in your area.

In case of emergency/overdose

If you suspect an overdose or experience severe side effects while taking Mefloquine, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center. In the case of an overdose or severe adverse reactions:

• Call 911: If someone is experiencing severe symptoms or has collapsed, call emergency services immediately.
• Poison Control: In the United States, you can contact the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 for guidance on overdose or poisoning emergencies.

What other information should I know

• Complete the Full Course: If Mefloquine is prescribed for treatment, complete the full course of medication even if you start feeling better before it’s finished. This is important to ensure the infection is fully treated.
• Avoid Alcohol: It’s generally recommended to avoid alcohol while taking Mefloquine, as it can increase the risk of certain side effects, especially those related to the nervous system.
• Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider about your complete medical history, including any pre-existing medical conditions, allergies, or medications you are currently taking. This information helps them assess whether Mefloquine is suitable for you.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, or if you are breastfeeding, discuss the risks and benefits of Mefloquine with your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on the safest options for malaria prevention or treatment during these circumstances.
• Malaria Risk: Be informed about the risk of malaria in the specific region you plan to visit. Mefloquine may be recommended for travelers to high-risk areas, but the choice of antimalarial medication can vary depending on the destination and individual factors.
• Travel Preparation: If you are using Mefloquine for malaria prevention while traveling, start taking it as directed by your healthcare provider before your trip. Ensure you have an adequate supply of the medication for the duration of your stay in the malaria-endemic area.
• Side Effects: Familiarize yourself with the potential side effects of Mefloquine and monitor your health while taking the medication. Report any unusual or severe symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Follow Directions: Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and dosing recommendations for Mefloquine carefully.

Remember that Mefloquine is a prescription medication, and its use should be guided by a healthcare professional. If you have any questions or concerns about Mefloquine or its administration, consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance.