WARNING

Studies have revealed that older adults who take antipsychotics (medications for mental illness) like haloperidol have a higher risk of dying while receiving treatment. Dementia is a brain disorder that affects memory, thinking clearly, communication, and daily activities as well as possibly causing changes in mood and personality.

The treatment of behavioral issues in dementia-affected older individuals with haloperidol is not permitted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). If you, a loved one, or a person you care for suffers from dementia and is taking haloperidol, speak with the doctor who recommended it.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Haloperidol is prescribed for several reasons, primarily as an antipsychotic medication. It is used to treat various psychiatric conditions, including:

• Schizophrenia: Haloperidol helps manage the symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not there), delusions (false beliefs), disorganized thinking, and emotional disturbances.
• Bipolar disorder: It may be prescribed during manic episodes of bipolar disorder to reduce agitation, aggression, and psychotic symptoms.
• Severe behavioral problems: Haloperidol can be used to address severe behavioral problems in children, especially those associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or other developmental disorders.
• Tourette syndrome: It may be prescribed to manage tics (sudden, repetitive movements or sounds) associated with Tourette syndrome.
• Delirium: In some cases, Haloperidol is used to treat delirium, a state of confusion and cognitive impairment often seen in hospitalized patients.
• Nausea and vomiting: Haloperidol can be used as an off-label medication to control severe nausea and vomiting, especially in cases where other antiemetic drugs have not been effective.

How should this medicine be used?

The usage of Haloperidol should be strictly as prescribed by a healthcare professional. It is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, oral solutions, and injections. The dosage and administration may vary depending on the individual’s condition and response to the medication.

Typically, the initial dose of Haloperidol is low and gradually increased as necessary. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage schedule and not exceed or skip doses without consulting a doctor. Taking more than the recommended dose can lead to serious side effects, while abruptly stopping the medication can cause withdrawal symptoms or a relapse of the condition.

Haloperidol should be taken with or without food, as directed by the healthcare provider. If using the oral solution, it is important to measure the correct dose using a special measuring device or spoon. Do not use a household spoon, as it may not provide the accurate dosage.

It is crucial to regularly visit the healthcare professional while using Haloperidol to monitor the response to treatment and adjust the dosage if needed. It may take several weeks for the medication to reach its full effect, so patience and consistent use are important.

Other uses for this medicine

Haloperidol is primarily used as an antipsychotic medication to treat conditions such as schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. However, it may also be prescribed for other off-label uses, such as:

• Tourette syndrome: Haloperidol can help manage the symptoms of Tourette syndrome, including tics and vocalizations.
• Delirium: It may be used in the treatment of delirium, a state of confusion and disorientation often seen in older adults or individuals with serious medical conditions.
• Acute agitation: Haloperidol can be used in emergency situations to control acute agitation and aggression.
• Bipolar disorder: In some cases, haloperidol may be prescribed as an adjunctive treatment for manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
• Hyperactivity: Haloperidol may be used to manage severe hyperactivity and aggression in individuals with developmental disorders, such as autism.

It’s important to note that the off-label use of haloperidol should be determined by a healthcare professional who can assess your specific needs and medical condition.

What special precautions should I follow?

When taking haloperidol, it is essential to follow special precautions. Here are some general guidelines:

• Medical history: Inform your healthcare provider about your complete medical history, especially if you have a history of heart problems, liver or kidney disease, seizures, low white blood cell count, or a family history of QT prolongation (a heart rhythm disorder).
• Allergies: Notify your doctor if you have any allergies, particularly to haloperidol or similar antipsychotic medications.
• Medications and substances: Disclose all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are currently taking to your healthcare provider, as some medications may interact with haloperidol and cause adverse effects.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, as the safety of haloperidol during pregnancy and lactation is not well-established.
• Driving and operating machinery: Haloperidol may cause drowsiness or dizziness, affecting your ability to drive or operate machinery. Exercise caution and avoid such activities until you understand how the medication affects you.
• Alcohol and other substances: Avoid consuming alcohol or using other substances that can depress the central nervous system while taking haloperidol, as it may intensify sedation and impair cognitive function.

It’s crucial to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and to ensure that you understand the specific precautions relevant to your situation when taking haloperidol.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with taking haloperidol. However, it’s generally recommended to maintain a healthy and balanced diet while taking any medication, including haloperidol. Eating nutritious meals and avoiding excessive consumption of alcohol or caffeine can contribute to overall well-being.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you happen to miss a dose of haloperidol, here are some general guidelines to follow:

• Timing: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Double-dosing: Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one. Taking more than the prescribed amount can increase the risk of side effects.
• Consult your healthcare provider: If you are unsure about what to do or if you frequently forget to take your medication, it is advisable to consult your healthcare provider. They can provide specific instructions based on your individual circumstances.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication used to treat conditions such as schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. While it can be effective in managing symptoms, it may also produce various side effects. Here are some common side effects associated with haloperidol:

• Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS): These are movement disorders that can include akathisia (restlessness), dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions), parkinsonism (tremors, rigidity), and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary repetitive movements, often involving the face and tongue). These symptoms can be distressing and may require additional treatment or adjustment of medication.
• Sedation: Haloperidol can cause drowsiness and sedation, which may affect a person’s alertness and concentration. It is important to exercise caution when engaging in activities that require mental alertness, such as driving or operating machinery.
• Orthostatic hypotension: This refers to a drop in blood pressure upon standing up from a sitting or lying position, leading to dizziness or lightheadedness. It is advisable to rise slowly from a seated or lying position to minimize the risk of falls.
• Anticholinergic effects: Haloperidol can produce anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. These effects result from the medication’s interaction with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
• Metabolic changes: Some individuals may experience weight gain, increased blood sugar levels, or changes in lipid (fat) levels while taking haloperidol. Monitoring of these parameters may be necessary during treatment.
• Endocrine effects: Haloperidol can affect hormone regulation, leading to changes in menstrual periods, breast enlargement in males (gynecomastia), and sexual dysfunction.
• Cardiac effects: In rare cases, haloperidol may cause irregular heart rhythms, especially at higher doses. Individuals with pre-existing cardiac conditions may be at higher risk.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage of Haloperidol:

• Haloperidol should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
• Keep the medication in its original container, tightly sealed, and out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not store haloperidol in the bathroom or near the kitchen sink, as moisture and humidity can affect its potency.

Disposal:

• It is important to dispose of medication properly to prevent accidental ingestion or misuse.
• Follow your local regulations or guidelines for medication disposal. In some cases, you may be advised to return unused or expired medication to a pharmacy or designated collection site.
• If no specific disposal instructions are provided, you can mix the medication with an undesirable substance like coffee grounds or kitty litter in a sealed bag before throwing it in the trash. This helps prevent accidental ingestion.

In case of emergency/overdose

• In case of an emergency or suspected overdose, call your local emergency helpline or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
• Inform healthcare professionals about the medication involved and the amount taken.
• Symptoms of an overdose may include severe drowsiness, confusion, agitation, fast heartbeat, tremors, rigid muscles, and fainting.

What other information should I know?

Other Important Information:

• It’s crucial to take haloperidol exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not change the dose or stop taking the medication without consulting them first.
• Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking, as some substances may interact with haloperidol.
• Haloperidol may impair your thinking or reactions. Be cautious while driving or operating machinery until you know how the medication affects you.
• Avoid consuming alcohol while taking haloperidol, as it can intensify drowsiness and dizziness.
• Attend all scheduled appointments with your healthcare provider for monitoring and follow-up evaluations.
• If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss the risks and benefits of haloperidol with your healthcare provider, as it may have potential effects on the developing fetus or nursing infant.

Remember, the information provided here is a general overview, and it’s important to consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific guidance and advice regarding the storage, disposal, emergency procedures, and any other concerns related to haloperidol.