WARNING

Exenatide injection, a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, comes with several potential risks. Here’s a brief overview:

• Hypoglycemia: Exenatide can lower blood sugar levels, sometimes leading to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which can cause symptoms like shakiness, dizziness, sweating, and confusion.
• Nausea and vomiting: Some people experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea when taking exenatide, particularly at the beginning of treatment. These symptoms usually improve over time.
• Pancreatitis: There have been reports of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) in people taking exenatide. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, nausea, and vomiting.
• Thyroid tumors: Exenatide has been associated with an increased risk of thyroid C-cell tumors in rodents. While this risk has not been conclusively demonstrated in humans, it’s something to be aware of, especially for individuals with a history of thyroid tumors or a family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
• Injection site reactions: Like with any injectable medication, there’s a risk of injection site reactions such as redness, swelling, or itching.

It’s crucial for individuals taking exenatide to be aware of these potential risks and to discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider. Monitoring for symptoms and regular check-ups can help manage these risks effectively.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Exenatide injection is prescribed primarily for the management of type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of medications called incretin mimetics, which work by mimicking the action of incretin hormones in the body. These hormones help regulate blood sugar levels by stimulating insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, and slowing down stomach emptying.

Specifically, Exenatide injection is used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes who have not achieved adequate glycemic control with diet and exercise alone, or with other oral diabetes medications. It can be used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic medications, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or thiazolidinediones. Exenatide injection helps lower blood sugar levels after meals by increasing insulin release from the pancreas and reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver. It also slows down the rate at which food empties from the stomach, which helps prevent sharp increases in blood sugar levels after eating.

Overall, Exenatide injection is prescribed to help individuals with type 2 diabetes better manage their blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications such as heart disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage.

How should this medicine be used?

Exenatide injection is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Here are some general guidelines on how it’s typically used:

• Dosage: The dosage of exenatide can vary depending on individual factors such as weight, other medications being taken, and the severity of diabetes. It’s usually injected once or twice daily.
• Injection Site: Exenatide is typically injected under the skin (subcutaneously) of the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. It’s important to rotate injection sites to minimize the risk of developing skin reactions or lumps.
• Timing: It’s usually taken within 60 minutes before the morning and evening meals (usually breakfast and dinner). Following this timing can help maximize its effectiveness in controlling blood sugar levels.
• Storage: Exenatide should be stored in the refrigerator between 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). It should not be frozen and should be protected from light.
• Administration: Before injecting, it’s important to check the medication for any signs of damage or particles. The injection should be administered according to the instructions provided by the healthcare provider or pharmacist.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential while using exenatide to ensure it’s effectively managing diabetes. Your healthcare provider may also monitor other parameters such as kidney function and weight.
• Adherence: It’s crucial to adhere to the prescribed dosage and schedule. Missing doses or changing the dosage without consulting a healthcare provider can affect its effectiveness.
• Side Effects: Be aware of potential side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare provider.

Always follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist regarding the use of exenatide. They can provide personalized guidance based on your medical history and current condition.

Other uses for this medicine

Exenatide injection is primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, it may also have off-label uses or be investigated for potential uses beyond diabetes management, but these should only be pursued under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional.

What special precautions should I follow?

As for special precautions when using exenatide injection, here are some important points to consider:

• Hypoglycemia: Exenatide can lower blood sugar levels, so it’s important to monitor blood glucose levels regularly, especially when starting treatment or when changes are made to the dosage or regimen. Be aware of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and know how to treat it.
• Pancreatitis: There have been reports of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) in people taking exenatide. Inform your healthcare provider immediately if you experience severe abdominal pain, which may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
• Thyroid tumors: While the risk of thyroid tumors associated with exenatide in humans is not fully established, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider if you have a history of thyroid tumors or a family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
• Kidney function: Exenatide is primarily excreted by the kidneys, so caution is advised in individuals with impaired kidney function. Your healthcare provider may need to adjust the dosage based on your kidney function.
• Injection site reactions: Like with any injectable medication, there is a risk of injection site reactions such as redness, swelling, or itching. Rotate injection sites and follow proper injection techniques to minimize these reactions.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The safety of exenatide during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established. Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
• Other medications: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking, as they may interact with exenatide.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and discuss any concerns or questions you may have about exenatide injection. It’s essential to have regular check-ups and monitoring to ensure the safe and effective use of this medication.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Meal Timing: Take Exenatide within 60 minutes before your morning and evening meals (usually breakfast and dinner).
• Healthy Eating: Follow a balanced diet as recommended by your healthcare provider or dietitian to help manage blood sugar levels effectively.
• Alcohol Consumption: Limit alcohol consumption, as it can affect blood sugar levels and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of Exenatide, take it as soon as you remember, as long as it’s before your next scheduled dose. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Exenatide injection, like any medication, can cause side effects in some people. Common side effects may include:

• Nausea: This is one of the most common side effects, especially when starting treatment. It usually improves over time as your body adjusts to the medication.
• Vomiting: Some individuals may experience vomiting, particularly during the initial weeks of treatment.
• Diarrhea: Exenatide can sometimes cause diarrhea, which may also improve over time.
• Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) can occur, especially when exenatide is used in combination with other medications that lower blood sugar levels, such as sulfonylureas or insulin.
• Injection site reactions: Redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site are possible side effects. Rotating injection sites can help minimize these reactions.
• Headache: Some people may experience headaches while taking exenatide.
• Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or dizzy may occur, particularly if your blood sugar levels drop too low.
• Gastrointestinal discomfort: Other gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain or discomfort may occur in some individuals.
• Pancreatitis: Although rare, exenatide has been associated with pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) in some cases. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
• Thyroid tumors: While the risk in humans is not firmly established, exenatide has been associated with an increased risk of thyroid C-cell tumors in animal studies.

It’s essential to report any side effects you experience to your healthcare provider. They can help determine whether any adjustments to your treatment are necessary or if a different medication may be more suitable for you.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

When it comes to the storage and disposal of Exenatide Injection, here’s what you should know:

Storage:

• Store Exenatide Injection pens in the refrigerator at a temperature between 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). Do not freeze them.
• Keep the pens in their original carton to protect them from light.
• Once opened, the pens can be stored at room temperature (up to 77°F or 25°C) for up to 30 days. Do not refrigerate them after first use.
• Avoid exposing the pens to excessive heat or sunlight.

Disposal:

• Dispose of used injection pens in a puncture-resistant container, such as a sharps disposal container.
• Do not throw the pens into the household trash or recycling bin.
• Follow local regulations for the disposal of sharps containers. Your healthcare provider or pharmacist may be able to provide guidance on proper disposal methods.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of emergency or overdose with Exenatide Injection, seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center. Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, or severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). It’s essential to follow the guidance of medical professionals in managing the overdose.

What other information should I know?

• Keep all appointments with your healthcare provider for monitoring and management of your diabetes.
• Inform all healthcare providers involved in your care (including dentists and specialists) that you are taking Exenatide Injection.
• Carry a form of identification or wear a medical alert bracelet indicating that you have diabetes and are taking Exenatide Injection.
• Keep a record of your blood sugar levels, diet, exercise, and any symptoms you experience while taking Exenatide Injection. This information can help you and your healthcare provider assess the effectiveness of your treatment and make any necessary adjustments.
• Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions closely, including any changes to your dosage or treatment regimen.

By following these guidelines for storage, disposal, emergency management, and general information, you can help ensure the safe and effective use of Exenatide Injection in managing your diabetes.