Why is this medication prescribed?

Enzalutamide is a medication primarily prescribed for the treatment of prostate cancer. It belongs to a class of drugs known as androgen receptor inhibitors. Prostate cancer cells are stimulated to grow by male hormones, particularly testosterone. Enzalutamide works by blocking the effects of these hormones on the cancer cells, thereby slowing down or stopping the growth of the cancer.

Enzalutamide is typically prescribed for:

• Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC): This is prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and is no longer responding to treatments that lower testosterone levels.
• Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC): This is prostate cancer that has not yet spread to other parts of the body but is no longer responding to treatments that lower testosterone levels.

How should this medicine be used?

Enzalutamide is typically prescribed for the treatment of prostate cancer, specifically metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC). It is taken orally in the form of capsules.

Here’s a general guideline on how Enzalutamide is typically used:

• Dosage: The usual dose of Enzalutamide for adults is 160 mg taken orally once daily. This is typically administered as four 40 mg capsules taken all at once.
• Timing: Enzalutamide can be taken with or without food, but it’s important to take it at the same time every day. This helps maintain a consistent level of the medication in your body, which is important for its effectiveness.
• Swallowing: Swallow each capsule whole with a glass of water. Do not chew, crush, or open the capsules, as this can alter the way the medication works and may increase the risk of side effects.
• Duration: Your healthcare provider will determine how long you should continue taking Enzalutamide based on your individual condition and treatment response. It’s important to follow their instructions carefully and not to stop taking the medication without consulting them first, even if you start feeling better.
• Monitoring: While taking Enzalutamide, your healthcare provider will likely monitor your condition regularly through blood tests and other examinations to assess how well the medication is working and to check for any side effects.
• Storage: Store Enzalutamide capsules at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep them out of reach of children and pets.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose of Enzalutamide, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Always follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider and the medication’s label carefully. If you have any questions or concerns about how to use Enzalutamide, be sure to discuss them with your healthcare provider or pharmacist. They can provide personalized guidance based on your specific condition and needs.

Other uses for this medicine

Some of these potential uses include:

• Breast Cancer: Enzalutamide is being investigated for its potential effectiveness in treating certain types of breast cancer, particularly those that are hormone receptor-positive and have metastasized or are resistant to other hormone therapies.
• Other Cancers: Studies are ongoing to explore the use of Enzalutamide in other types of cancers, such as bladder cancer and ovarian cancer, where androgen receptors may play a role in tumor growth.

What special precautions should I follow?

As for special precautions to follow when taking Enzalutamide, here are some key points:

• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Enzalutamide can cause harm to a developing fetus if taken by pregnant women. It is essential to use effective contraception to prevent pregnancy while taking Enzalutamide, and for at least 3 months after the last dose. Additionally, Enzalutamide may pass into breast milk and could harm a breastfeeding infant, so breastfeeding is not recommended while taking Enzalutamide.
• Liver Function: Enzalutamide can affect liver function, so your healthcare provider may perform regular blood tests to monitor your liver function while you are taking the medication.
• Seizures: Enzalutamide may increase the risk of seizures in some individuals. If you have a history of seizures or are at increased risk for seizures, be sure to discuss this with your healthcare provider before starting Enzalutamide.
• Interactions: Enzalutamide may interact with other medications, including certain chemotherapy drugs, blood thinners, and medications that are metabolized by the liver. Be sure to inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking before starting Enzalutamide.
• Allergic Reactions: Some people may experience allergic reactions to Enzalutamide, although this is rare. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or difficulty breathing.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and advice when taking Enzalutamide, and don’t hesitate to ask questions or raise any concerns you may have about the medication.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Enzalutamide. However, it’s essential to maintain a balanced and healthy diet as recommended by your healthcare provider. If you have any dietary concerns or restrictions, discuss them with your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of Enzalutamide, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one. If you have questions about missed doses or need guidance, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Enzalutamide, like any medication, can cause side effects. It’s important to be aware of potential side effects and to promptly report any concerns to your healthcare provider. Common side effects of Enzalutamide may include:

• Fatigue: Feeling tired or lacking energy is a common side effect of Enzalutamide.
• Hot Flashes: Some individuals may experience sudden feelings of warmth, sweating, or flushing, known as hot flashes.
• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Enzalutamide can sometimes raise blood pressure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure is usually recommended during treatment.
• Diarrhea: Enzalutamide may cause loose stools or diarrhea in some people.
• Joint Pain or Stiffness: Pain or stiffness in the joints, muscles, or bones can occur with Enzalutamide use.
• Headache: Some individuals may experience headaches while taking Enzalutamide.
• Decreased Appetite: Enzalutamide may lead to a decreased desire to eat or changes in appetite.
• Nausea: Feeling sick to the stomach or experiencing an urge to vomit is another possible side effect.
• Edema (Swelling): Enzalutamide may cause swelling in the hands, feet, ankles, or other parts of the body due to fluid retention.
• Muscle Weakness: Some people may experience weakness or fatigue in their muscles.
• Seizures: While rare, Enzalutamide may increase the risk of seizures in some individuals.
• Changes in Liver Function: Enzalutamide can affect liver function, leading to changes in liver enzyme levels.
• Bone Fractures: Some studies have suggested a potential increased risk of bone fractures with long-term use of Enzalutamide.
• Increased Cholesterol Levels: Enzalutamide may elevate cholesterol levels in some individuals.

These are not all the possible side effects of Enzalutamide. Side effects can vary from person to person, and some individuals may experience no side effects at all. If you experience any persistent or bothersome side effects while taking Enzalutamide, contact your healthcare provider for guidance and management. Additionally, seek medical attention immediately if you experience any severe or life-threatening side effects.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal:

Storage:

• Store Enzalutamide capsules at room temperature between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed, and away from moisture and heat.
• Do not transfer Enzalutamide to other containers unless instructed by your pharmacist or healthcare provider.
• Keep Enzalutamide out of reach of children and pets.

Disposal:

• Dispose of any unused or expired Enzalutamide capsules properly.
• Do not flush Enzalutamide down the toilet or pour it down the drain unless instructed to do so.
• Ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider about the proper disposal method for Enzalutamide, such as a medication take-back program or a drug disposal facility in your area.

In case of emergency/overdose

• In case of an overdose of Enzalutamide, seek emergency medical attention or call your local poison control center immediately.
• Symptoms of overdose may include dizziness, fainting, seizures, or other serious side effects.
• Be prepared to provide information about the amount of Enzalutamide ingested, as well as any symptoms experienced.

What other information should I know?

• Inform all healthcare providers involved in your care, including dentists and emergency room personnel, that you are taking Enzalutamide.
• Attend all scheduled appointments for monitoring and follow-up with your healthcare provider.
• Report any new or worsening symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Do not share Enzalutamide with others, even if they have a similar condition.
• Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding laboratory tests and other monitoring while taking Enzalutamide.
• Keep a list of all medications you are taking, including Enzalutamide, and show it to your healthcare provider or pharmacist before starting any new medication.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and guidance regarding Enzalutamide use, storage, disposal, and what to do in case of emergencies or overdose. If you have any questions or concerns, do not hesitate to contact your healthcare provider or pharmacist for clarification and assistance.