Why is this medication prescribed?

Theophylline is a medication primarily prescribed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It belongs to a class of drugs known as bronchodilators, which work by relaxing the muscles in the airways, thus making it easier to breathe.

Here are some common reasons why Theophylline might be prescribed:

• Asthma: Theophylline can help alleviate symptoms of asthma such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing by opening up the airways.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): It can be used in the management of COPD to improve breathing and reduce symptoms.
• Emphysema: Theophylline may be prescribed to manage symptoms of emphysema, a type of COPD.
• Bronchitis: In some cases of chronic bronchitis, Theophylline may be used to help open up airways and improve breathing.

How should this medicine be used?

Theophylline is typically taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules. It’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions and the dosage prescribed on the medication label. Here are some general guidelines for using Theophylline:

• Dosage: The dosage of Theophylline varies depending on factors such as age, weight, medical condition, and response to treatment. Your doctor will determine the appropriate dosage for you.
• Timing: Theophylline is usually taken once or twice daily, preferably at the same time(s) each day. It’s important to take it consistently as prescribed to maintain a steady level of the medication in your bloodstream.
• Do Not Crush or Chew: Swallow the tablets or capsules whole with a full glass of water. Do not crush or chew extended-release formulations, as this can lead to an increased risk of side effects or overdose.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood levels of Theophylline may be necessary to ensure that it stays within the therapeutic range and to prevent toxicity.
• Avoid Certain Substances: Avoid consuming excessive amounts of caffeine-containing beverages (such as coffee, tea, or cola) while taking Theophylline, as this can increase the risk of side effects. Also, certain medications, such as antibiotics, may interact with Theophylline, so inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking.
• Side Effects: Be aware of potential side effects such as nausea, vomiting, headache, insomnia, and rapid heartbeat. Contact your doctor if you experience any severe or persistent side effects.
• Emergency: In case of overdose symptoms such as seizures, vomiting, or irregular heartbeat, seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Always consult your doctor or pharmacist for specific instructions on how to use Theophylline properly and safely.

Other uses for this medicine

Off-label uses of Entuss might include:

• Apnea of prematurity: Theophylline has been used in premature infants to stimulate breathing and reduce episodes of apnea (pauses in breathing).
• Respiratory disorders in neonates: In some cases, Theophylline may be used to treat respiratory disorders in newborns, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).
• Chronic bronchitis: Theophylline may be used as an adjunctive therapy in the management of chronic bronchitis, particularly in cases where other treatments have not been effective.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions for Theophylline, here are some important points to consider:

• Medical history: Before starting Theophylline, inform your healthcare provider about any medical conditions you have, especially if you have a history of heart disease, liver disease, seizures, thyroid disorders, or gastric ulcers.
• Medication interactions: Theophylline can interact with many other medications, including certain antibiotics, antifungals, seizure medications, and heart medications. Make sure your healthcare provider is aware of all medications (prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements) you are taking to avoid potentially harmful interactions.
• Smoking and caffeine: Smoking and excessive caffeine intake can increase the metabolism of Theophylline in the body, leading to lower-than-expected blood levels. If you smoke or consume large amounts of caffeine, your healthcare provider may need to adjust your Theophylline dosage accordingly.
• Alcohol: Drinking alcohol while taking Theophylline can increase the risk of side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and heart palpitations. It’s generally recommended to limit or avoid alcohol consumption while on Theophylline therapy.
• Regular monitoring: Blood tests may be necessary to monitor the levels of Theophylline in your bloodstream and adjust the dosage as needed. Follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider are important to ensure the medication is effective and well-tolerated.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, talk to your healthcare provider before taking Theophylline, as the medication may pose risks to the unborn baby or nursing infant. Your healthcare provider will weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks and may adjust your treatment plan accordingly.
• Allergic reactions: If you have a known allergy to Theophylline or any other methylxanthine medications, you should not take Theophylline. Allergic reactions to Theophylline can be serious and may require immediate medical attention.

By following these precautions and closely monitoring your health while taking Theophylline, you can help ensure the safe and effective use of this medication for your condition. Always consult your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about your treatment regimen.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Special dietary instructions for Theophylline include:

• Consistent caffeine intake: If you consume caffeine regularly, maintain a consistent intake while taking Theophylline to help minimize fluctuations in blood levels.
• Avoid excessive caffeine: While moderate caffeine consumption is generally fine, excessive caffeine intake can increase Theophylline’s side effects and metabolism.
• Consider low-caffeine alternatives: If you’re sensitive to caffeine or if it interacts adversely with Theophylline, consider switching to low-caffeine or caffeine-free beverages and foods.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget a dose of Theophylline:

• Take it as soon as you remember: If it’s close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time. Do not double the dose to catch up.
• Inform your healthcare provider: If you frequently forget doses, inform your healthcare provider. They may adjust your dosage schedule or provide reminders to help you stay on track.
• Avoid extra doses: Taking extra doses of Theophylline can increase the risk of side effects and toxicity. Stick to the prescribed dosage schedule as closely as possible.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Theophylline, like any medication, can cause side effects, ranging from mild to severe. Common side effects include:

• Nausea and vomiting: These gastrointestinal symptoms are relatively common, especially when starting treatment or if the dosage is too high.
• Headache: Some individuals may experience headaches while taking Theophylline.
• Insomnia: Theophylline is a stimulant and can interfere with sleep, leading to insomnia or difficulty falling asleep.
• Increased heart rate: Theophylline can cause tachycardia, or a rapid heartbeat, particularly at higher doses.
• Palpitations: Some people may experience palpitations or a sensation of fluttering or pounding in the chest.
• Nervousness or jitteriness: The stimulant effects of Theophylline can sometimes cause feelings of nervousness or jitteriness.
• Gastrointestinal discomfort: In addition to nausea and vomiting, Theophylline may cause other gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal discomfort or diarrhea.
• Muscle tremors: Some individuals may experience tremors or shaking, particularly in the hands.
• Increased urination: Theophylline can act as a diuretic, leading to increased urination.
• Fluctuations in blood pressure: Theophylline may cause blood pressure changes, either increasing or decreasing blood pressure.

Severe side effects of Theophylline are rare but can occur. These may include:

• Seizures: In rare cases, Theophylline can lower the seizure threshold, leading to seizures.
• Arrhythmias: Theophylline may cause irregular heart rhythms, which can be serious and require medical attention.
• Signs of toxicity: Symptoms of Theophylline toxicity include severe nausea and vomiting, confusion, seizures, and arrhythmias. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention.
• Allergic reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Theophylline, which can manifest as rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, or dizziness. An allergic reaction requires immediate medical attention.

It’s important to report any side effects or concerns to your healthcare provider promptly. They can help adjust your dosage or medication regimen to minimize side effects and ensure the medication’s effectiveness and safety.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and disposal of Theophylline:

• Storage: Keep Theophylline tablets or capsules in their original container at room temperature, away from moisture, heat, and light. Avoid storing it in the bathroom. Follow any specific storage instructions provided by your pharmacist.
• Disposal: Dispose of expired or unused Theophylline medication properly according to local regulations or guidelines. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Instead, consult with your pharmacist or local waste disposal facility for proper disposal methods.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of emergency or overdose of Theophylline:

• Seek immediate medical attention: If you suspect an overdose or experience severe symptoms such as seizures, severe nausea and vomiting, confusion, rapid heartbeat, or difficulty breathing, seek emergency medical help immediately.
• Contact a poison control center: You can also contact a poison control center for guidance on what to do next. In the United States, you can reach Poison Help at 1-800-222-1222.

What other information should I know?

• Regular monitoring: Your healthcare provider may periodically monitor your blood levels of Theophylline to ensure they are within the therapeutic range and to prevent toxicity.
• Follow-up appointments: Attend all scheduled follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor the effectiveness and safety of Theophylline therapy.
• Avoid abrupt discontinuation: Do not stop taking Theophylline suddenly without consulting your healthcare provider, as this can lead to worsening of your condition. Your dosage may need to be gradually tapered off.
• Keep a list of medications: Keep a list of all medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and supplements, and share it with your healthcare provider to avoid potential drug interactions.
• Medical alert bracelet or necklace: If you have a history of severe reactions or allergies to medications, including Theophylline, consider wearing a medical alert bracelet or necklace to alert healthcare providers in case of emergencies.
• Educate yourself: Understand the signs of Theophylline toxicity and allergic reactions, and know what steps to take in case of an emergency.

By following these guidelines and staying informed about your medication, you can help ensure the safe and effective use of Theophylline for your condition.