Why is this medication prescribed?

Crofelemer is prescribed primarily for the treatment of diarrhea in certain situations. It is specifically used to manage non-infectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS who are on antiretroviral therapy. Crofelemer works by normalizing chloride ion transport in the intestines, thereby reducing the excessive secretion of fluids that leads to diarrhea.

How should this medicine be used?

Here’s how Crofelemer should typically be used:

• Dosage: The usual dose is 125 mg (one 125 mg delayed-release tablet) taken orally twice daily.
• Administration: Crofelemer tablets should be taken with food. Swallow the tablets whole; do not crush, break, or chew them.
• Timing: It is important to take Crofelemer exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Follow their instructions carefully regarding dosage and timing.
• Adherence: For Crofelemer to be effective, it should be taken consistently as directed. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Monitoring: Your healthcare provider may monitor your response to Crofelemer to assess its effectiveness in controlling diarrhea.

Always consult your healthcare provider for specific instructions tailored to your condition and needs. They can provide guidance on the appropriate use of Crofelemer and any potential side effects or interactions with other medications.

Other uses for this medicine

Some of the other potential uses for Crofelemer include:

• Chemotherapy-induced Diarrhea: Crofelemer is being investigated for its efficacy in managing diarrhea caused by chemotherapy, particularly in patients undergoing cancer treatment.
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): There is some research looking into the use of Crofelemer for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).
• Traveler’s Diarrhea: Studies have examined Crofelemer’s role in preventing and treating traveler’s diarrhea, although more research is needed in this area.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions for Crofelemer, here are some important considerations:

• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider if you are allergic to Crofelemer or any ingredients in the formulation.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: There is limited information on the use of Crofelemer during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Consult your healthcare provider before using Crofelemer if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.
• Liver and Kidney Function: Crofelemer is primarily excreted via the feces. However, if you have severe liver or kidney impairment, your healthcare provider may need to adjust the dosage or monitor you more closely.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, vitamins, and supplements you are currently taking. Crofelemer may interact with certain medications, especially those that are metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme system.
• Adverse Effects: While generally well-tolerated, common side effects of Crofelemer may include upper respiratory tract infection, bronchitis, cough, flatulence, and increased bilirubin levels. Report any unusual symptoms or side effects to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Compliance: Take Crofelemer exactly as prescribed. Do not adjust your dosage without consulting your healthcare provider.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and advice regarding the use of Crofelemer, including precautions specific to your individual health status and medical history.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Take with Food: Always take Crofelemer with a meal or snack. This helps ensure proper absorption and may also help minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
• Avoid Trigger Foods: If you have diarrhea, it may be helpful to avoid foods and beverages that can exacerbate symptoms, such as spicy foods, caffeine, and alcohol.
• Stay Hydrated: Diarrhea can lead to dehydration, so it’s important to drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Water, electrolyte solutions, and herbal teas can be beneficial.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of Crofelemer, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.

If you are unsure about what to do or if you have missed multiple doses, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance. They can provide specific advice based on your individual circumstances and treatment plan.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Crofelemer, like any medication, can cause side effects in some individuals. Here are some of the common side effects associated with Crofelemer:

• Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: Symptoms may include nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, and sinus discomfort.
• Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which may cause coughing, chest discomfort, and difficulty breathing.
• Cough: Persistent or excessive coughing may occur as a side effect.
• Flatulence: Increased gas production or bloating may occur.
• Increased Bilirubin Levels: Crofelemer can sometimes lead to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood, which may indicate liver function changes.
• Other Gastrointestinal Symptoms: These may include abdominal pain, nausea, constipation, and vomiting, although these are less common.

It’s important to note that not everyone experiences side effects, and the severity and frequency can vary from person to person. If you experience any unusual or severe symptoms while taking Crofelemer, it’s essential to contact your healthcare provider promptly. They can evaluate your symptoms and determine if any adjustments to your treatment plan are necessary.

As with any medication, the benefits of Crofelemer in treating diarrhea should be weighed against the potential risks of side effects. Your healthcare provider can provide personalized guidance based on your medical history and individual health needs.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal:

• Storage: Store Crofelemer tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep the medication in its original container or packaging to protect it from light and moisture.
• Disposal: Dispose of Crofelemer tablets according to local guidelines or recommendations provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Proper disposal helps prevent environmental contamination and accidental ingestion by children or pets.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Seek Immediate Medical Attention: If you suspect an overdose of Crofelemer (taking more than the prescribed dose), seek emergency medical assistance or contact a poison control center immediately.
• Symptoms of Overdose: Symptoms of Crofelemer overdose may include severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration. Prompt medical evaluation and treatment are essential to manage these symptoms effectively.

What other information should I know?

• Follow Prescribed Dosage: Take Crofelemer exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not adjust your dosage without consulting them first.
• Regular Follow-Up: Your healthcare provider may schedule regular follow-up visits to monitor your response to Crofelemer and to adjust your treatment plan if necessary.
• Avoid Alcohol: While there are no specific interactions between Crofelemer and alcohol documented, it’s generally advisable to avoid excessive alcohol consumption, especially if you experience gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Inform Healthcare Providers: Inform all healthcare providers involved in your care (including dentists and pharmacists) that you are taking Crofelemer. This helps them coordinate your treatment and avoid potential interactions with other medications or treatments.
• Patient Information Leaflet: Read the patient information leaflet provided with Crofelemer for detailed instructions, possible side effects, and other important information.

By following these guidelines for storage, disposal, handling emergencies or overdose, and staying informed about your medication, you can use Crofelemer safely and effectively as prescribed by your healthcare provider. If you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare team.