WARNING

Cozaar is a medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and certain types of kidney disease in people with diabetes. Like any medication, Cozaar (losartan) carries some potential risks and side effects:

• Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Cozaar can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially when standing up quickly. This may lead to dizziness or fainting.
• Kidney Issues: While Cozaar is used to protect kidneys in some cases, it can also cause or worsen kidney problems in certain individuals, particularly those with pre-existing kidney disease.
• Hyperkalemia: This is an elevated level of potassium in the blood, which can be dangerous. Cozaar can sometimes increase potassium levels, especially in people with kidney problems or those taking other medications that affect potassium levels.
• Allergic Reactions: Although rare, some people may experience allergic reactions to Cozaar, which can range from mild symptoms like rash to more severe reactions like swelling of the face, lips, throat, or difficulty breathing.
• Liver Problems: In rare cases, Cozaar may affect liver function. Signs of liver problems include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or persistent nausea.
• Fetal Toxicity: Cozaar should not be used during pregnancy as it can harm the developing fetus, leading to severe birth defects or death.
• Interactions: Cozaar can interact with other medications, especially potassium supplements, potassium-sparing diuretics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), potentially causing harmful effects.

It’s essential to take Cozaar exactly as prescribed by your doctor and to discuss any concerns or potential side effects with them. Monitoring by healthcare providers can help mitigate these risks and manage any side effects that may occur.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Cozaar, whose generic name is losartan, is prescribed primarily for the following conditions:

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Cozaar is used to treat high blood pressure, either alone or in combination with other antihypertensive medications. It helps relax blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow.
• Diabetic Nephropathy: In people with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, Cozaar is used to reduce the risk of progression of diabetic kidney disease (nephropathy) and to lower proteinuria (excess protein in the urine).

How should this medicine be used?

Here’s how Cozaar should typically be used:

• Dosage: The typical starting dose of Cozaar for hypertension is 50 mg once daily. The dose may be increased to 100 mg once daily based on the response to treatment. For diabetic nephropathy, the starting dose is usually 50 mg once daily.
• Administration: Cozaar can be taken with or without food. It is usually taken orally as a tablet.
• Monitoring: Blood pressure should be monitored regularly while taking Cozaar to assess the effectiveness of the medication.
• Special Populations: Adjustments may be needed for elderly patients or those with impaired kidney function. It is not recommended for use in children with severe kidney problems.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Cozaar should not be used during pregnancy as it can harm the fetus. If you become pregnant while taking Cozaar, inform your doctor immediately. It is also not recommended during breastfeeding.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose of Cozaar, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

It’s important to take Cozaar exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider to achieve the best results in controlling your blood pressure or managing diabetic kidney disease. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, always consult your doctor or pharmacist for guidance.

Other uses for this medicine

Aside from hypertension, Cozaar may sometimes be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. These can include:

• Diabetic Nephropathy: Cozaar can help slow the progression of kidney damage due to type 2 diabetes.
• Heart Failure: Cozaar may be used to improve symptoms of heart failure when standard treatments are not sufficient.

What special precautions should I follow?

When taking Cozaar (losartan), it’s important to follow these special precautions:

• Pregnancy: Cozaar should not be used during pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the developing fetus, including severe birth defects or death. If you become pregnant while taking Cozaar, inform your healthcare provider immediately.
• Kidney Function: Cozaar can affect kidney function, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or those taking other medications that affect kidney function. Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended.
• Potassium Levels: Cozaar can increase potassium levels in the blood, particularly in patients with kidney impairment or those taking potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics. Your doctor may monitor your potassium levels periodically.
• Liver Function: Although rare, Cozaar may affect liver function. Your doctor may perform liver function tests periodically, especially if you have underlying liver disease or experience symptoms such as jaundice, dark urine, or persistent nausea.
• Interactions: Cozaar can interact with other medications, including certain diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and potassium supplements. Inform your doctor about all medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking.
• Allergic Reactions: While uncommon, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Cozaar, which can range from mild rash to more severe symptoms like swelling of the face, lips, throat, or difficulty breathing. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience signs of an allergic reaction.
• Dehydration: Cozaar can sometimes cause excessive loss of body water and electrolytes (dehydration), especially when combined with other medications that have similar effects. Stay well-hydrated and consult your doctor if you experience symptoms like extreme thirst, dry mouth, weakness, dizziness, or confusion.

Always take Cozaar exactly as prescribed by your doctor and follow their instructions closely. If you have any concerns or experience any unusual symptoms while taking Cozaar, contact your healthcare provider promptly for guidance.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions for Cozaar. However, because Cozaar can increase potassium levels in some individuals, it’s advisable to avoid excessive consumption of potassium-rich foods or supplements unless otherwise directed by your doctor. High-potassium foods include bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, and spinach. Moderation in intake is generally recommended.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of Cozaar, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one. It’s important to maintain a consistent dosing schedule to achieve optimal therapeutic effects.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Cozaar (losartan) can potentially cause a variety of side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common side effects may include:

• Dizziness: Especially when standing up quickly.
• Fatigue or Weakness: Feeling tired or weak.
• Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure): This may cause symptoms such as lightheadedness or fainting.
• Hyperkalemia: Elevated levels of potassium in the blood, which can be serious if severe.
• Kidney Issues: Cozaar can affect kidney function, particularly in patients with existing kidney disease.
• Liver Enzyme Changes: Rarely, Cozaar may cause abnormal liver function tests.
• Allergic Reactions: Such as rash, itching, swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, or trouble breathing.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Including low sodium levels (hyponatremia).
• Muscle Pain or Cramps: Rarely, Cozaar can cause muscle pain or cramps.
• Cough: A dry, persistent cough has been reported with Cozaar use, although less commonly than with ACE inhibitors.
• Digestive Issues: Such as diarrhea, nausea, or abdominal pain.
• Rare but Serious Side Effects: These can include severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), pancreatitis, severe skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), and blood disorders (such as reduced platelets or red blood cells).

It’s important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and some people may experience side effects not listed here. If you notice any unusual symptoms while taking Cozaar, particularly severe dizziness, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, seek medical attention immediately.

Always discuss any concerns about side effects or your medication regimen with your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on managing side effects and determine whether Cozaar is the right treatment for you based on your individual health profile.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Cozaar:

• Storage: Store Cozaar tablets at room temperature between 20-25°C (68-77°F). Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed, and away from moisture and light. Avoid storing it in the bathroom or kitchen where moisture could affect the medication.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired Cozaar tablets properly to prevent accidental ingestion by pets, children, or others. The best way to dispose of medications is through a medication take-back program or a drug disposal program in your community. If no take-back programs are available, follow FDA guidelines for disposing of medications in household trash: mix the tablets with an unpalatable substance like dirt, cat litter, or used coffee grounds in a sealed plastic bag before throwing it away.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Emergency Response: If you suspect an overdose of Cozaar, call emergency medical services (911) or your local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) immediately. Overdose symptoms may include severe dizziness, fainting, or rapid/weak heartbeat.
• Symptoms of Overdose: Overdose symptoms may also include extreme dizziness or light-headedness, or signs of dehydration like very dry mouth, extreme thirst, or muscle cramps.
• Treatment: Treatment for overdose may include supportive measures such as monitoring and managing symptoms. Activated charcoal may be administered if presented early after ingestion to reduce absorption.

What other information should I know?

• Regular Monitoring: Your doctor will likely monitor your blood pressure and kidney function regularly while you are taking Cozaar. It’s important to attend all scheduled appointments and laboratory tests as recommended.
• Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking, as Cozaar can interact with other drugs, potentially affecting their effectiveness or causing adverse effects.
• Avoid Alcohol: Limit alcohol consumption while taking Cozaar, as alcohol can further lower blood pressure and increase the risk of side effects.
• Avoid Driving or Operating Machinery: Cozaar may cause dizziness or drowsiness in some individuals. Use caution when driving or operating machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
• Medical Alert: Inform healthcare providers and emergency responders that you are taking Cozaar, especially in situations where medical treatment or surgery is needed.
• Follow Instructions: Take Cozaar exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not adjust your dose or stop taking the medication without consulting your healthcare provider.

By following these guidelines and staying informed about the proper use, storage, and potential emergencies related to Cozaar, you can help ensure safe and effective treatment for your condition. Always consult your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns regarding your medication.