Why is this medication prescribed?

Using computed tomography (CAT scan, CT scan; a type of body scan that uses a computer to put together x-ray images to create cross-sectional or three dimensional pictures of the inside of the body), barium sulfate is used to help doctors examine the esophagus (tube that connects the mouth and stomach), stomach, and intestine. Radiopaque contrast media are a group of drugs that includes barium sulfate. The way it functions is by applying a non-absorbed substance to the esophagus, stomach, or intestines, making diseased or damaged portions visible on x-rays or CT scans.

How should this medicine be used?

Barium sulfate is available as a tablet, a paste, a liquid suspension, and a powder that can be combined with water. The paste and tablet are taken orally, while the powder and water mixture, suspension, and enema (liquid injected into the rectum) can be taken orally. Typically, barium sulfate is given once or more in advance of a CT scan or x-ray.

The medical personnel at the testing facility will deliver the barium sulfate enema if you are using one. If you will be taking barium sulfate orally, you will either receive the medication when you get to the testing facility or you will be given exact times to take the medicine at home the night before and/or the day of the test. Take barium sulfate exactly as prescribed if you’re taking it at home. Take it exactly as prescribed; do not take it less or more frequently or at different times.

Do not split, chew, or crush the tablets; instead, swallow them whole.

For the medicine to be evenly mixed, give the beverage a good shake before using it. If you are given a powder to go home and mix with water, be sure you get mixing instructions and that you know what they mean. If you have any issues concerning combining your medications, speak with your physician or the testing center staff.

Particular instructions to follow both before and after your exam will be provided to you. On the day before your test, you might be instructed to use laxatives or enemas, to avoid eating or drinking after a certain hour, or to drink only clear liquids after a certain time. After the test, you could also be instructed to take laxatives to help your body rid itself of the barium sulfate. Make sure you comprehend and closely adhere to these instructions. If you are not given directions or have any questions regarding the directions you are given, ask your doctor or the testing center staff.

Other uses for this medicine

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information if you think this medicine could be recommended for something else.

What special precautions should I follow?

When using barium sulfate, there are several special precautions to keep in mind:

• If you have an allergy to any of the following: latex, foods, simethicone (Gas-X, Phazyme, etc.), radiopaque contrast media, barium sulfate, other drugs, foods, or any of the substances in the type of barium sulfate you will be ingesting or using, let your doctor and the testing facility staff know. Request an ingredient list from the testing center staff.
• Inform your physician and the testing facility personnel about all prescription and over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, dietary supplements, and herbal remedies you now use or intend to take. Your physician will advise you on when to take your usual medications and whether to wait a specific period of time before taking barium sulfate on the day of your test.
• Inform your physician of any recent rectal biopsies, which include removing a small sample of tissue from the rectum for testing in a lab; also mention any obstructions, lesions, or holes in your stomach, intestines, or esophagus; and any swelling or cancer in the rectum; Additionally, let your doctor know if your young kid has ever had intestinal surgery or has any conditions affecting the stomach, intestines, or esophagus.You or your child may be advised by your doctor not to take barium sulfate.
• Inform your physician of any recent surgical procedures, particularly those pertaining to the colon (large intestine) or rectum; if you have undergone a colostomy (a procedure in which an opening is made in the abdomen to allow waste to exit the body); if you have ever experienced intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri; elevated pressure in the skull that may result in headaches, blurred vision, and other symptoms); or if you have ever aspirated food (ingested food into the lungs). Additionally, inform your physician if you currently have or have ever had asthma or allergies, either in yourself or any member of your family; allergies to dust, pollen, or other airborne particles; hives; eczema, a red, itchy skin rash brought on by allergies to environmental substances; constipation; cystic fibrosis, an inherited disorder in which the body produces thick, sticky mucus that can obstruct breathing and digestion; Hirschsprung’s disease, an inherited disorder in which the intestines malfunction; high blood pressure; or heart disease.
• Inform your physician of any potential pregnancy, your plans to become pregnant, and whether you are nursing a baby. The fetus may be harmed by the radiation used in CT scans and x-rays.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

You will be informed about what to eat and drink the day before your test by your doctor or the testing center staff. Take close note of these instructions.

After your exam, make sure to hydrate well.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of barium sulfate, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Barium sulfate can cause a range of side effects, some of which are mild and others that may be more severe. It’s important to be aware of these potential side effects and discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider. Common side effects of barium sulfate include:

• Stomach cramps
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Constipation
• Weakness
• Pale skin
• Sweating
• Ringing in the ears

Less common but potentially more serious side effects include:

• Hives
• Itching
• Red skin
• Swelling or tightening of the throat
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Hoarseness
• Agitation
• Confusion
• Fast heartbeat
• Bluish skin color

Additionally, barium sulfate may have adverse effects. If you have any strange side effects while taking this drug or after getting it, contact your doctor. However, it’s essential to discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider and to report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

If you are prescribed barium sulfate to take at home, make sure the drug is stored securely, out of children’s reach, and in the original container. Keep it out of the bathroom and at room temperature, away from sources of heat and moisture. Before taking the drug, you might be instructed to chill it in the refrigerator.

It is important to dispose of unnecessary prescriptions in a specific manner so that children, dogs, and other people cannot ingest them. But this drug is not something you should flush down the toilet. The best way to get rid of your medication is to use a service called medicine take-back. To find out more about take-back initiatives in your area, speak with your pharmacist or get in touch with the recycling and trash department.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Symptoms: If you suspect an overdose of barium sulfate, which may include severe nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.
• Poison Control: Contact a poison control center (1-800-222-1222) for guidance if you suspect an overdose or have questions about the management of barium sulfate overdose.

What other information should I know?

Remind your doctor and the testing center of any scheduled appointments.

Don’t give your medication to anyone else.

It is crucial that you maintain a written record of every medication you take, including over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription drugs, as well as any dietary supplements, vitamins, and minerals. This list should accompany you to all doctor appointments and hospital admissions. Additionally, having this information on hand is crucial in case of an emergency.