Why is this medication prescribed?

Canakinumab injection is prescribed primarily for its anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions, particularly those mediated by interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta. Here are some specific conditions for which Canakinumab may be prescribed:

• Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA): Canakinumab is FDA-approved for treating SJIA in patients aged 2 years and older who have not responded well to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other treatments.
• Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF): Canakinumab is also used off-label for the treatment of FMF, a genetic autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation in the abdomen, chest, or joints.
• Other Autoinflammatory Disorders: It may also be prescribed off-label for other autoinflammatory conditions where IL-1 beta plays a central role, such as periodic fever syndromes like TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) or hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome (HIDS).

Canakinumab works by inhibiting the action of IL-1 beta, a cytokine involved in the inflammatory response. By blocking IL-1 beta, Canakinumab helps to reduce inflammation and its associated symptoms, such as joint pain, fever, and organ inflammation.

How should this medicine be used?

Canakinumab injection is typically administered by a healthcare professional, such as a nurse or doctor, either in a hospital setting or at a clinic. Here are the general guidelines on how Canakinumab injection should be used:

• Dosage: The dosage of Canakinumab depends on the specific condition being treated and the patient’s weight. It is usually administered as a subcutaneous injection.
• Administration: Canakinumab is injected under the skin (subcutaneously), usually into the thigh or abdomen. The exact site of injection and rotation of injection sites should be guided by healthcare providers.
• Frequency: The frequency of Canakinumab injections varies depending on the condition being treated. For example, in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA), Canakinumab is typically administered once every 4 weeks. The dosing schedule will be determined by the prescribing healthcare provider.
• Preparation: Canakinumab injection is usually provided in a prefilled syringe or autoinjector device. It should be stored and handled according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Before administration, the healthcare provider will check the medication for any signs of damage or contamination.
• Follow-up: Patients receiving Canakinumab may need regular monitoring by healthcare providers to assess the response to treatment and monitor for any potential side effects.
• Patient Education: Patients and caregivers should receive proper training on how to administer Canakinumab if home administration is considered appropriate. They should also be educated about the importance of following the prescribed dosing schedule and any specific instructions provided by their healthcare provider.

It’s important to note that the above information is general guidance. The specific instructions for using Canakinumab may vary based on individual patient needs and the prescribing healthcare provider’s recommendations. Therefore, it’s crucial for patients to follow their healthcare provider’s instructions and seek clarification on any aspects of treatment or administration that are unclear.

Other uses for this medicine

• Periodic Fever Syndromes: Conditions such as familial Mediterranean fever or cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) where inflammation is a key feature.
• Cardiovascular Diseases: There has been research into using Canakinumab to reduce inflammation associated with cardiovascular events in certain high-risk patients, although this is not yet a standard treatment.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions for Canakinumab injection, it’s important to consider the following:

• Infections: Canakinumab can suppress the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections. Before starting treatment, healthcare providers should evaluate patients for infections and monitor them closely during treatment. Patients should promptly report any signs of infection, such as fever, chills, or sore throat.
• Allergic Reactions: Individuals with known hypersensitivity to Canakinumab or any components of the injection should not receive the medication. Allergic reactions, although rare, can occur and may require immediate medical attention.
• Vaccinations: Live vaccines should generally be avoided during Canakinumab treatment due to the risk of infection. Before starting Canakinumab, patients should be up to date with all recommended vaccinations, as advised by their healthcare provider.
• Liver Function: Canakinumab may affect liver enzymes, so regular monitoring of liver function tests may be necessary during treatment.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The safety of Canakinumab in pregnant women has not been established, and it is not recommended during pregnancy unless the benefits clearly outweigh the risks. It is unknown whether Canakinumab passes into breast milk, so breastfeeding should be avoided during treatment.
• Other Medical Conditions: Canakinumab may interact with other medical conditions or medications, so it’s important for healthcare providers to have a comprehensive medical history before prescribing.

Patients should always follow their healthcare provider’s instructions and report any side effects or concerns promptly. Regular monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are essential to ensure safe and effective treatment with Canakinumab injection.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Canakinumab injection. However, maintaining a healthy and balanced diet is generally recommended to support overall health and well-being.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Contact Your Healthcare Provider: Immediately inform your healthcare provider or clinic about the missed dose.
• Reschedule the Dose: Your healthcare provider will advise you on when to administer the missed dose. Typically, if you miss a dose, it should be taken as soon as possible, and then you can return to your regular dosing schedule.
• Do Not Double Dose: Do not administer a double dose to make up for the missed one unless specifically instructed by your healthcare provider.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Canakinumab injection, like any medication, can cause side effects. Some of the common and less common side effects associated with Canakinumab include:

• Infections: Canakinumab can increase the risk of infections, including upper respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections. Serious infections such as pneumonia and cellulitis have also been reported.
• Injection Site Reactions: This can include pain, redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site.
• Allergic Reactions: Rarely, allergic reactions to Canakinumab may occur, which can manifest as rash, itching, swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, or trouble breathing.
• Liver Enzyme Abnormalities: Canakinumab may cause increases in liver enzymes, which can be detected through blood tests.
• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Some patients may experience hypersensitivity reactions, which could include fever, rash, or other symptoms.
• Decreased White Blood Cell Count: In some cases, Canakinumab can lead to a decrease in white blood cell count, which may increase susceptibility to infections.
• Headache: Headaches are a commonly reported side effect of Canakinumab.
• High Blood Pressure: Canakinumab may cause an increase in blood pressure in some patients.
• Gastrointestinal Effects: This can include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
• Cholesterol Levels: Changes in cholesterol levels (increases in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) have been observed in some patients.
• Injection Site Reactions: Pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site can occur.
• Reactivation of Tuberculosis: In patients with latent tuberculosis infection, Canakinumab may lead to reactivation of the infection.

It’s important to note that not all patients will experience these side effects, and some individuals may have different reactions. If you experience any unusual symptoms or side effects while taking Canakinumab, it’s crucial to notify your healthcare provider promptly. They can help assess the severity and determine the appropriate course of action, which may include adjusting your treatment regimen or managing the side effects effectively.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Canakinumab Injection:

• Storage: Canakinumab injection should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F). Protect the medication from light. Do not freeze. Keep Canakinumab in the original carton until ready to use to protect it from light.
• Handling: Before administration, inspect Canakinumab for any particles or discoloration. Do not use the medication if it appears cloudy or contains particles.
• Disposal: Unused Canakinumab or syringes should be disposed of properly according to local regulations for handling and disposal of biohazardous materials. Your healthcare provider or pharmacist can provide guidance on proper disposal methods.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Seek Medical Assistance: Contact emergency medical services (911) or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.
• Symptom Management: There is no specific antidote for Canakinumab overdose. Treatment would typically involve supportive care to manage symptoms and monitor vital signs.

What other information should I know?

• Regular Monitoring: Your healthcare provider will monitor your response to Canakinumab treatment regularly. This may include blood tests to check for infections, liver function, and other parameters.
• Patient Education: It’s important to understand the signs and symptoms of infection and to report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Avoiding Live Vaccines: While receiving Canakinumab, avoid live vaccines due to the risk of infection. Discuss any vaccination schedules with your healthcare provider.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss the risks and benefits of Canakinumab with your healthcare provider.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal supplements. Canakinumab may interact with other medications.
• Storage and Handling: Always store Canakinumab as directed, and do not use it if it has been stored improperly or if the medication appears compromised in any way.
• Follow-Up Care: Attend all scheduled appointments with your healthcare provider to ensure optimal management of your condition.

By following these guidelines and staying informed about Canakinumab Injection, you can help ensure safe and effective treatment under the guidance of your healthcare provider.