Why is this medication prescribed?

Paregoric, also known as camphorated opium tincture, is primarily prescribed for its antidiarrheal effects. It contains opium alkaloids such as morphine and codeine, along with camphor, anise oil, and other ingredients. The main reasons it is prescribed include:

• Antidiarrheal: Paregoric slows down bowel movements, helping to reduce diarrhea symptoms.
• Antispasmodic: It can help relieve intestinal cramping associated with diarrhea.

How should this medicine be used?

Here’s how Paregoric is typically used:

• Dosage: The dosage of Paregoric can vary, so it’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions or the directions on the prescription label.
• Administration: It is usually taken orally. The liquid form allows for flexible dosing depending on the severity of symptoms.
• Frequency: It is typically taken as needed to control diarrhea, but should not be used more frequently or in higher doses than prescribed due to its opium content.
• Special Instructions: Paregoric should be measured with a proper measuring device to ensure accurate dosage, especially if it is being administered to children.
• Duration: Use should be limited to the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms, as it can be habit-forming and may cause dependence.

It’s important to note that Paregoric should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider, as it contains opioids which can lead to addiction and other serious side effects if misused.

Other uses for this medicine

Some of these historical uses include:

• Cough suppressant: Paregoric was sometimes used to suppress coughs due to its opioid content, which can help reduce the urge to cough.
• Antispasmodic: Apart from its use in treating diarrhea, Paregoric has been used to relieve spasms in the gastrointestinal tract.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions for using Paregoric include:

• Medical supervision: Paregoric should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider who can monitor its effects and adjust dosage as needed.
• Avoiding misuse: Since Paregoric contains opioids like morphine and codeine, there is a risk of dependence and addiction if it is misused. It should be used exactly as prescribed and not in larger amounts or more frequently than recommended.
• Age considerations: Use in children should be carefully monitored and prescribed according to pediatric dosing guidelines. Paregoric is generally not recommended for infants and young children due to the risk of respiratory depression.
• Medical conditions: Inform your doctor if you have any medical conditions, especially respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD, as well as liver or kidney disease, as these can affect how your body processes Paregoric.
• Drug interactions: Paregoric may interact with other medications, especially other opioids, sedatives, tranquilizers, or alcohol. Make sure your healthcare provider knows about all medications you are taking before starting Paregoric.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Paregoric should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It can pass into breast milk and may cause drowsiness or breathing problems in nursing infants.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions carefully and promptly report any side effects or concerns while taking Paregoric.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Paregoric. However, maintaining a balanced diet with adequate fluid intake can help manage potential side effects like constipation, which is common with opioid use.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one, as this can increase the risk of side effects.
• If you are unsure about what to do if you miss a dose, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for advice.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Paregoric, like other medications containing opioids such as morphine and codeine, can cause a range of side effects. These can vary in severity and may include:

• Common side effects:
  • Drowsiness
  • Dizziness
  • Constipation
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
• Less common but more serious side effects:
  • Respiratory depression (slow or shallow breathing)
  • Hypotension (low blood pressure)
  • Confusion
  • Hallucinations
  • Urinary retention (difficulty urinating)
  • Allergic reactions, which may include rash, itching, swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, or trouble breathing
• Long-term effects with prolonged use or misuse:
  • Tolerance (requiring higher doses for the same effect)
  • Physical dependence (withdrawal symptoms when stopping the medication)
  • Addiction (psychological craving for the medication)

It’s important to note that while Paregoric can effectively treat diarrhea and related symptoms, its opioid content requires careful monitoring for side effects, especially in vulnerable populations such as elderly patients, children, and those with pre-existing medical conditions.

If you experience any severe side effects or allergic reactions while taking Paregoric, seek immediate medical attention. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and report any unusual symptoms promptly to ensure safe and effective treatment.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal:

• Storage: Store Paregoric in a secure place, away from children and pets. Keep it at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
• Disposal: Dispose of Paregoric properly to prevent misuse or accidental ingestion by others:
  • Follow any specific disposal instructions provided by your pharmacist or healthcare provider.
  • Do not flush Paregoric down the toilet unless instructed to do so.
  • Unused or expired medication can be returned to a pharmacy or a medication take-back program for safe disposal.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Emergency: If you suspect an overdose or encounter severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, extreme drowsiness, or loss of consciousness, call emergency services (911 in the US) immediately.
• Overdose Symptoms: Symptoms of Paregoric overdose may include:
  • Severe drowsiness or inability to wake up
  • Slowed or shallow breathing
  • Very small pupils (pinpoint pupils)
  • Cold, clammy skin
  • Bluish tint to lips or fingernails
• Overdose Treatment: Emergency medical personnel will administer treatments to counteract the effects of the overdose, which may include medications to reverse opioid effects or supportive care such as assisted breathing.

What other information should I know?

• Driving and Operating Machinery: Paregoric can cause drowsiness and dizziness. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how Paregoric affects you.
• Medical Alerts: Inform all healthcare providers about your use of Paregoric, especially before undergoing surgery or medical procedures.
• Avoid Alcohol: Alcohol can enhance the sedative effects of Paregoric, increasing the risk of drowsiness, dizziness, and breathing problems.
• Regular Monitoring: Your healthcare provider may need to monitor you regularly while taking Paregoric to check for effectiveness, side effects, and signs of misuse or dependence.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Discuss the risks and benefits of using Paregoric during pregnancy or breastfeeding with your healthcare provider. Paregoric can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing infant.
• Patient Education: Understand the risks associated with Paregoric, including its potential for addiction and withdrawal symptoms with prolonged use.

By following these guidelines and staying informed about Paregoric, you can help ensure safe and effective use of this medication. Always consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have any questions or concerns about Paregoric or its use.