Why is this medication prescribed?

Cabergoline is prescribed for several medical conditions, primarily:

• Hyperprolactinemia: This is a condition where there are higher than normal levels of prolactin in the blood. Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates breast development and milk production in women. High levels can cause symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, infertility, and milk production in men and women who are not breastfeeding.
• Prolactinomas: These are benign tumors of the pituitary gland that produce prolactin. Cabergoline helps reduce the size of these tumors and lower prolactin levels.

How should this medicine be used?

Cabergoline usually comes in tablet form and is taken orally. Here are general guidelines for its use:

• Dosage: The dosage can vary depending on the condition being treated. Your doctor will prescribe the appropriate dose for you.
• Administration: It is typically taken once or twice a week. The exact schedule and dose will be determined by your doctor based on your condition and response to treatment.
• Timing: It can be taken with or without food, but it’s important to take it consistently as directed by your doctor.
• Duration: Treatment with cabergoline may be long-term, especially for conditions like hyperprolactinemia or prolactinomas. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully and do not stop taking it without consulting them, even if you feel better.
• Monitoring: Your doctor may regularly monitor your prolactin levels and adjust your dosage if necessary.
• Side effects: Be aware of potential side effects, which can include nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and constipation. Notify your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms.

It’s crucial to follow your doctor’s instructions precisely when taking cabergoline to ensure it is effective and to minimize the risk of side effects.

Other uses for this medicine

• Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: Cabergoline has dopamine agonist properties that can be beneficial in Parkinson’s disease, particularly for managing symptoms like tremors and rigidity.
• Treatment of Acromegaly: In some cases, cabergoline may be used in combination with other medications to reduce growth hormone levels in patients with acromegaly.
• Refractory Depression: There is some research exploring the use of cabergoline in treatment-resistant depression, particularly in patients who do not respond well to conventional antidepressants.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions when using Cabergoline:

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Cabergoline should not be used during pregnancy unless clearly necessary. It can potentially harm an unborn baby. If you become pregnant while taking cabergoline, notify your doctor immediately. Cabergoline may also interfere with breastfeeding, so its use should be avoided during lactation unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider.
• Cardiac valvulopathy: There have been reports of cardiac valve regurgitation (valvulopathy) associated with the long-term use of cabergoline at higher doses typically used in Parkinson’s disease treatment. Regular monitoring of cardiac function may be recommended, especially for patients using higher doses or for extended periods.
• Liver function: Cabergoline can affect liver enzymes, so individuals with pre-existing liver disease or elevated liver enzymes should be monitored closely while taking the medication.
• Driving and machinery: Cabergoline may cause dizziness or drowsiness in some individuals. If you experience these effects, avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how cabergoline affects you.
• Medication interactions: Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, as they may interact with cabergoline.
• Regular check-ups: It’s important to attend regular check-ups with your doctor to monitor your condition and response to cabergoline treatment.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions carefully regarding the use of cabergoline to ensure safe and effective treatment.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with cabergoline use. However, maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle is important for overall health and can complement your treatment. If you have any concerns about diet and cabergoline, discuss them with your healthcare provider.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of cabergoline, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Cabergoline, like any medication, can cause side effects. Not everyone experiences these side effects, and their severity can vary. Here are some common side effects associated with cabergoline:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Constipation
• Abdominal pain
• Dry mouth
• Nasal congestion
• Orthostatic hypotension (a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up)
• Vomiting
• Temporary confusion or hallucinations
• Sleep disturbances
• Increased sweating
• Swelling of the legs and ankles (peripheral edema)
• Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)

Serious side effects are rare but can occur. These may include:

• Fibrosis or thickening of the heart valves (in rare cases with prolonged use and higher doses, especially in patients with Parkinson’s disease)
• Psychiatric disturbances such as severe mood changes, hallucinations, or psychosis
• Sudden onset of severe headache (potentially indicating a serious condition)
• Shortness of breath
• Significant chest pain
• Signs of liver problems such as yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, persistent nausea or vomiting

If you experience any severe or concerning side effects while taking cabergoline, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly. Additionally, notify your healthcare provider if you notice any side effects that are persistent, bothersome, or worsening over time.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions regarding cabergoline use and report any unusual symptoms promptly to ensure appropriate management of side effects.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and disposal of Cabergoline:

• Storage: Keep cabergoline tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Avoid storing them in the bathroom. Keep the medication in its original container with the lid tightly closed.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused cabergoline tablets properly according to local regulations or guidelines. Do not flush them down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company for proper disposal instructions.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of an overdose or emergency situation related to cabergoline, contact your local emergency services (such as 911 in the United States) or a poison control center immediately. Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, confusion, hallucinations, fainting, or unusual muscle movements. Be prepared to provide information about the amount of cabergoline ingested and any symptoms experienced.

What other information should I know?

• Regular monitoring: Your doctor may periodically check your prolactin levels and monitor your response to cabergoline treatment. Follow-up visits are important to assess the effectiveness of the medication and manage any potential side effects.
• Medical alert: Inform all healthcare providers involved in your care (including dentists and emergency room doctors) that you are taking cabergoline. This medication may interact with other treatments or affect medical procedures.
• Avoid alcohol: Cabergoline can enhance the effects of alcohol, leading to increased drowsiness or dizziness. It’s advisable to avoid alcohol consumption while taking this medication.
• Patient education: Understand the reasons for taking cabergoline, the expected benefits, and potential side effects. If you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to discuss them with your healthcare provider.
• Routine care: Maintain regular appointments with your doctor to discuss your condition, treatment plan, and any adjustments needed in your medication regimen.

By following these guidelines and staying informed about your medication, you can effectively manage your treatment with cabergoline and minimize potential risks.