Why is this medication prescribed?

Aminobenzylpenicillin, commonly known as ampicillin, is a type of penicillin antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It works by interfering with the bacteria’s cell wall synthesis, leading to their destruction. It is commonly prescribed for:

• Respiratory Tract Infections: Such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis.
• Urinary Tract Infections: Including infections of the bladder and kidneys.
• Gastrointestinal Infections: Such as infections caused by Salmonella or E. coli.
• Meningitis: An infection of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
• Endocarditis: An infection of the inner lining of the heart.
• Certain STIs: Such as gonorrhea.

It is effective against a range of Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.

How should this medicine be used?

Aminobenzylpenicillin (ampicillin) should be used according to your healthcare provider’s instructions. Here are general guidelines for its use:

• Dosage: Take exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. The dosage can vary based on the infection being treated, your age, weight, and other factors.
• Administration:
  • Capsules/Tablets: Swallow them whole with a full glass of water. Do not chew or crush them.
  • Liquid Form: Shake the bottle well before each use. Measure the dose using the provided measuring device, not a household spoon.
• Timing: Take ampicillin on an empty stomach, typically 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, to enhance absorption. Consistent timing helps maintain effective drug levels in your system.
• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose; do not double up to make up for it.
• Duration: Complete the entire course of medication even if you start feeling better before finishing it. Stopping early can lead to the return of the infection or contribute to antibiotic resistance.
• Storage: Store the medication at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. If you’re using a liquid form, it should be refrigerated and shaken before each use.

If you experience any unusual or severe side effects, such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

Other uses for this medicine

• Prophylaxis: To prevent infections in certain situations, such as before surgery or in people at high risk of infections.
• Typhoid Fever: Caused by Salmonella typhi.
• Endocarditis Prophylaxis: To prevent heart infections in high-risk patients during certain dental or medical procedures.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions for Aminobenzylpenicillin:

• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider if you have a history of allergic reactions to penicillins or other antibiotics. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) can occur.
• Kidney Function: If you have kidney problems, dosage adjustments may be necessary, as ampicillin is excreted through the kidneys.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Ampicillin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it’s important to use it under medical supervision.
• Other Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications and supplements you are taking. Some drugs can interact with ampicillin, affecting its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.
• Diarrhea: Antibiotics can sometimes cause gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea. If you experience severe or persistent diarrhea, contact your healthcare provider, as it may be a sign of a more serious condition like Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
• Medical Conditions: Inform your doctor if you have conditions like asthma, severe allergies, or gastrointestinal issues, as these may affect how you should use ampicillin.
• Follow-Up: Attend follow-up appointments as directed to ensure the infection is properly treated and to monitor for any side effects.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s advice and read the patient information provided with your medication for additional guidance.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Empty Stomach: Take ampicillin on an empty stomach typically 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. This helps with better absorption of the medication.
• Avoid Alcohol: Alcohol can interfere with the effectiveness of the antibiotic and increase the risk of side effects. It’s best to avoid drinking alcohol while on ampicillin.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to help maintain hydration and assist with the body’s elimination of the medication.
• Avoid Dairy Products: While not always necessary, some healthcare providers may recommend avoiding dairy products close to the time of taking the medication, as they can sometimes affect the absorption of certain antibiotics.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Take as Soon as Possible: If you remember soon after the missed dose, take it as soon as you can.
• Skip if Close to Next Dose: If it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose; do not take two doses at once to make up for the missed one.
• Regular Schedule: Continue with your regular dosing schedule.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Aminobenzylpenicillin (ampicillin) can cause a range of side effects, some of which are common and mild, while others can be more serious. Here’s a breakdown:

Common Side Effects:

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
• Rash: Mild skin rash or itching.

Less Common Side Effects:

• Allergic Reactions: Symptoms might include hives, itching, swelling, or severe rash. In rare cases, it can cause anaphylaxis, a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.
• Fungal Infections: Such as oral thrush or vaginal yeast infections, due to disruption of normal bacterial flora.
• Hematologic Effects: Rarely, it can affect blood cells, leading to conditions like anemia, leukopenia (low white blood cells), or thrombocytopenia (low platelets).

Serious Side Effects:

• Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD): Severe, persistent diarrhea that may be accompanied by abdominal pain or fever. This condition requires prompt medical attention.
• Severe Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis, characterized by difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and a rapid drop in blood pressure.
• Liver Issues: Symptoms may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, or pale stools.
• Mild Side Effects: For mild symptoms like a rash or gastrointestinal discomfort, inform your healthcare provider. They may suggest ways to manage these effects.
• Serious Side Effects: If you experience severe symptoms, such as signs of an allergic reaction or severe diarrhea, seek immediate medical attention.

Always report any new or unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider while taking ampicillin, as they can provide guidance on managing side effects or adjusting treatment if necessary.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Aminobenzylpenicillin:

Storage:

• Oral Tablets/Capsules: Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Keep in a tightly closed container.
• Oral Liquid Form: Store in the refrigerator. Shake well before each use. Do not freeze.

Disposal:

• Unused or Expired Medication: Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into drains unless instructed to do so. Use a drug take-back program or follow local guidelines for disposal. If these options are unavailable, mix the medication with an undesirable substance (like coffee grounds) in a sealed bag and discard it in the household trash.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Allergic Reaction: If you experience severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, or severe rash, seek emergency medical attention immediately.
• Symptoms of Overdose: May include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or seizures.
• Action: Contact your local poison control center or emergency medical services immediately. Provide them with information about the amount taken and the time of ingestion.

What other information should I know?

• Drug Interactions: Be aware of potential interactions with other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Inform your healthcare provider about all substances you are taking.
• Effectiveness: Report if your symptoms do not improve or worsen while on ampicillin. Your healthcare provider may need to adjust your treatment.
• Follow-Up: Attend follow-up appointments to ensure the infection is effectively treated and to monitor for any potential side effects.
• Patient Information Leaflet: Always read the patient information leaflet provided with your medication for additional details and instructions.
• Adherence: Adhere strictly to the prescribed dosage and schedule to prevent resistance and ensure effectiveness.

If you have any further questions or concerns, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist.