Why is this medication prescribed?

Amantadine is prescribed for several reasons, including:

• Parkinson’s Disease: Amantadine is often used to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, such as stiffness, tremors, and difficulty with movement. It helps improve muscle control and reduces stiffness by increasing the amount of dopamine in the brain, a chemical involved in controlling movement.
• Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms: It is also used to treat extrapyramidal symptoms (movement disorders) caused by certain medications, particularly antipsychotic drugs. These symptoms may include muscle stiffness, tremors, and involuntary movements.
• Influenza A Treatment and Prevention: Amantadine has antiviral properties and was historically used to treat or prevent influenza A. However, due to widespread resistance, it is no longer recommended for this purpose in many cases.
• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Amantadine is sometimes prescribed to alleviate fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis, although this is an off-label use.

The exact reason for prescribing amantadine will depend on the patient’s specific condition and symptoms.

How should this medicine be used?

Amantadine is a medication that is primarily used to treat and manage certain conditions, including Parkinson’s disease, drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (movement disorders), and sometimes influenza A. Here’s a detailed guide on how Amantadine should be used:

• Parkinson’s Disease and Extrapyramidal Symptoms: The usual starting dose is 100 mg once daily. Depending on the patient’s response and tolerance, the dose may be increased to 100 mg twice daily. Some patients may require higher doses, up to 400 mg per day, divided into multiple doses.
• Influenza A Treatment: For adults, the recommended dose is 200 mg per day, taken as either one 200 mg dose or two 100 mg doses for 5 to 10 days. In elderly patients or those with renal impairment, the dose may be reduced to 100 mg per day to reduce the risk of side effects.
• Influenza A Prophylaxis: The dose is typically 200 mg per day for adults, continued throughout the flu season or until the risk of exposure has ended.
• Extended-Release Formulations: If using an extended-release form, it is usually taken once daily, and the dosage may differ. Always follow the specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider.
• Method of Administration: Amantadine is taken orally, usually with or without food. However, taking it with food can help reduce stomach upset. The medication should be swallowed whole with a glass of water. Extended-release capsules or tablets should not be crushed or chewed, as this can release the drug all at once, increasing the risk of side effects.
• Timing: It’s important to take Amantadine at the same time(s) every day to maintain a consistent level in the bloodstream. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
• Kidney Function: Amantadine is excreted by the kidneys, so dose adjustments are often required for patients with renal impairment.
• Elderly Patients: Older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of Amantadine, particularly its side effects, and often require lower doses.
• Avoid Abrupt Discontinuation: Do not suddenly stop taking Amantadine, especially if you have been on high doses, as it may lead to withdrawal symptoms or worsening of Parkinson’s disease symptoms. Gradual dose reduction is recommended under medical supervision.
• Interactions: Amantadine can interact with other medications, so it’s important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking. Combining Amantadine with central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, anticholinergic drugs, or other medications that affect dopamine levels can increase the risk of side effects.

Always follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider, as individual needs and responses to the medication can vary.

Other uses for this medicine

In addition to its primary uses, amantadine can also be prescribed for:

• Traumatic Brain Injury: It may help with cognitive and motor function recovery following brain injury.
• Certain Drug-Induced Conditions: It can be used to manage symptoms induced by antipsychotic drugs, such as drug-induced Parkinsonism.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions:

• Medical History: Inform your doctor if you have a history of kidney problems, heart disease, psychiatric conditions, or seizures. Amantadine can affect these conditions or interact with other medications you might be taking.
• Kidney Function: Since amantadine is excreted through the kidneys, dosage adjustments may be necessary if you have impaired kidney function.
• Mental Health: Amantadine can sometimes cause mood changes, hallucinations, or confusion, especially in older adults. Monitor for any unusual changes in mood or behavior and report them to your doctor.
• Falls Risk: It may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, increasing the risk of falls. Use caution when standing up quickly or engaging in activities that require full alertness.
• Drug Interactions: Be cautious with other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Amantadine can interact with certain drugs, affecting its efficacy or increasing side effects.
• Gradual Discontinuation: If you need to stop taking amantadine, your doctor will likely recommend a gradual reduction in dosage rather than abrupt discontinuation to avoid withdrawal symptoms or exacerbation of symptoms.

Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and follow their recommendations closely.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions for amantadine. However, maintaining a balanced diet and staying hydrated can support overall health and help manage potential side effects. It’s always good to follow any additional dietary advice provided by your healthcare provider.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Missed Dose: If you forget a dose of amantadine, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose; do not double up to make up for it.
• Regular Schedule: To help remember your doses, try to take amantadine at the same time each day.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Amantadine can cause a range of side effects. Not everyone will experience them, and some people might experience side effects that are not listed here. Common and serious side effects include:

Common Side Effects:

• Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or unsteady.
• Nausea: Feeling queasy or upset stomach.
• Insomnia: Trouble falling or staying asleep.
• Dry Mouth: A dry feeling in the mouth.
• Constipation: Difficulty passing stool or infrequent bowel movements.
• Headache: General pain or discomfort in the head.

Serious Side Effects:

• Mental Health Changes: Confusion, hallucinations, severe mood swings, or agitation.
• Seizures: Sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain.
• Swelling: In the legs, ankles, or feet (edema).
• Severe Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or trouble breathing.
• Difficulty Urinating: Painful or difficult urination, or changes in frequency.
• Heart Issues: Rapid heartbeat or palpitations.
• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak.
• Blurred Vision: Difficulty seeing clearly.
• Loss of Appetite: Decreased interest in eating.

If you experience any of these side effects or have concerns about amantadine, it’s important to contact your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance, adjust your dosage, or suggest alternative treatments if necessary.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage of Amantadine:

• Temperature: Store amantadine at room temperature, typically between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
• Avoid: Keep it away from excessive heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. Do not store it in the bathroom or near a sink.
• Children and Pets: Keep the medication out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.

Disposal of Amantadine:

• Do Not: Do not flush amantadine down the toilet or pour it into a drain unless instructed to do so by a disposal program.
• Drug Take-Back: If you need to dispose of amantadine, use a drug take-back program if available. Many pharmacies or local government programs offer safe disposal options.
• Household Trash: If no take-back program is available, mix the medication with an undesirable substance (like used coffee grounds or cat litter) and place it in a sealed bag or container before throwing it away in your household trash. This helps prevent accidental ingestion or misuse.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Symptoms of Overdose: Symptoms may include severe dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, seizures, or severe drowsiness.
• Action: If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency medical help immediately. Contact your local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency room.
• Poison Control: You can also contact your local poison control center for advice.

What other information should I know?

• Medication Review: Always inform your healthcare provider of all the medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid interactions.
• Follow-Up: Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are important to monitor your response to the medication and make any necessary adjustments.
• Missed Dose: Follow the instructions provided for missed doses, and never double up on doses.
• Personal Records: Keep a list of all your medications and share this information with any new healthcare provider you see.

If you have any specific concerns or questions about amantadine, your healthcare provider is the best source of personalized advice.