Why is this medication prescribed?

Actimmune (Interferon gamma-1b) is a prescription medication used primarily for:

• Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): This is a rare, inherited disorder where certain cells of the immune system have difficulty forming reactive oxygen compounds needed to kill certain bacteria and fungi. Actimmune helps reduce the frequency and severity of serious infections associated with CGD.
• Severe, Malignant Osteopetrosis (SMO): This is another rare genetic disorder where bones become overly dense, leading to fractures, vision loss, hearing loss, and other complications. Actimmune can help improve survival in children with SMO by affecting bone marrow function.

How should this medicine be used?

Actimmune is administered via subcutaneous injection, meaning it is injected under the skin. Here’s a general guideline on its usage:

• Dosage: The dosage and frequency depend on the condition being treated and the patient’s body surface area, usually measured in square meters (m²). A healthcare provider will determine the exact dosage.
• Injection Technique:
  • It is usually injected into the upper arm, thigh, or abdomen.
  • Rotate injection sites to avoid irritation.
  • Follow the specific instructions given by your healthcare provider on how to prepare and administer the injection.
• Storage: Actimmune should be stored in a refrigerator between 36°F and 46°F (2°C to 8°C). Do not freeze it, and protect it from light.
• Missed Dose: If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered. If it’s close to the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
• Side Effects: Common side effects include fever, headache, muscle pain, and fatigue. Severe side effects should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.

Always follow the healthcare provider’s instructions for using Actimmune and consult them for any concerns or questions regarding its administration.

Other uses for this medicine

Besides treating CGD and severe malignant osteopetrosis, Actimmune is sometimes used off-label for other conditions like certain cancers (e.g., metastatic melanoma) and specific infections, though these uses are less common and should be guided by a healthcare provider.

What special precautions should I follow?

When using Actimmune, there are several important precautions to follow:

• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider if you have any known allergies to interferons or any other ingredients in Actimmune. Severe allergic reactions can occur.
• Medical History: Disclose your full medical history to your healthcare provider, especially if you have a history of:
  • Heart disease or irregular heartbeat
  • Seizures or epilepsy
  • Depression or mental health disorders
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Bone marrow suppression
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:
  • Pregnancy: Actimmune should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.
  • Breastfeeding: It is not known whether Actimmune passes into breast milk. Consult your healthcare provider before breastfeeding while on this medication.
• Interactions with Other Medications:
  • Actimmune can interact with other medications, including immunosuppressants, antiviral drugs, and certain chemotherapeutic agents. Provide a complete list of medications you are taking to your healthcare provider.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring by your healthcare provider is essential while using Actimmune. This includes:
  • Regular blood tests to check for side effects, such as liver function tests and complete blood counts.
  • Monitoring for signs of depression or other psychiatric symptoms, as interferons can exacerbate these conditions.
• Infection Risk: Actimmune can affect your immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. Report any signs of infection (fever, chills, persistent sore throat) to your healthcare provider immediately.
• Avoiding Activities: Interferon therapy can cause dizziness or confusion. Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how Actimmune affects you.
• Vaccinations: Avoid live vaccines while using Actimmune. Discuss vaccination schedules with your healthcare provider before starting treatment.

Following these precautions and maintaining close communication with your healthcare provider will help ensure the safe and effective use of Actimmune.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with Actimmune. However, to support your overall health while on this medication:

• Balanced Diet: Maintain a healthy, balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to support your immune system and overall health.
• Hydration: Stay well-hydrated, as proper hydration can help manage some of the side effects, like fatigue and muscle aches.
• Alcohol: Limit alcohol intake, as it can interact with medications and exacerbate side effects like dizziness or liver issues.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Take It as Soon as You Remember: If you remember shortly after the missed dose, take it as soon as possible.
• Skip It If It’s Close to the Next Dose: If it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
• Consult Your Doctor: If you’re unsure about what to do after missing a dose, or if you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for advice.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Actimmune (Interferon gamma-1b) can cause a range of side effects, some of which may be more common or severe than others. Here’s a rundown of potential side effects:

Common Side Effects:

• Flu-like Symptoms: These include fever, chills, muscle aches, and fatigue. These symptoms are often seen after starting treatment and may improve over time.
• Headache: A common side effect that may occur.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Some people may experience gastrointestinal upset.
• Injection Site Reactions: Pain, redness, swelling, or itching at the site of injection.

Less Common but Serious Side Effects:

• Liver Problems: Symptoms may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, or severe abdominal pain. Regular liver function tests may be required to monitor liver health.
• Mental Health Issues: Interferons can sometimes cause or worsen depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric symptoms. Monitor for mood changes or behavioral changes and inform your healthcare provider.
• Seizures: Although rare, some individuals may experience seizures or convulsions.
• Heart Problems: Rarely, Actimmune can affect heart function. Symptoms of heart problems might include chest pain or irregular heartbeats.
• Bone Marrow Suppression: This can lead to decreased blood cell counts, which might cause symptoms like easy bruising, bleeding, or increased risk of infections.

Allergic Reactions: Severe allergic reactions to Actimmune can occur, though they are rare. Symptoms might include:

• Rash or itching
• Swelling of the face, lips, or throat
• Severe dizziness or difficulty breathing

If you experience any of these severe side effects or symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

Managing side effects is an important part of your treatment with Actimmune, so maintaining open communication with your healthcare provider can help manage and mitigate these effects effectively.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Actimmune:

Storage:

• Refrigeration: Store Actimmune in a refrigerator at temperatures between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C). Do not freeze.
• Protection from Light: Keep the medication in its original packaging to protect it from light.
• Handling: Do not shake or agitate the vial. Gently swirl it if needed.

Disposal:

• Do Not Throw Away: Do not dispose of Actimmune in household trash or flush it down the toilet.
• Return to Pharmacy: Take any unused or expired medication to a pharmacy or a designated drug take-back program for proper disposal. Some areas have specific disposal sites or programs for medications.
• Follow Local Guidelines: Check local regulations for the disposal of medications if there is no designated take-back program available.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Signs of Overdose: Overdosing on Actigall may lead to symptoms such as severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, and possible liver toxicity.
• Call Emergency Services: If you suspect an overdose, immediately call emergency services (911 in the U.S.) or your local poison control center.
• Contact Poison Control: You can reach the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222 in the U.S. They can provide guidance on what to do next.
• Do Not Induce Vomiting: Unless specifically instructed by a healthcare professional, do not induce vomiting.

What other information should I know?

• Follow Prescribed Dosage: Take Actigall exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not take more or less than the prescribed dose.
• Regular Monitoring: Attend all follow-up appointments for blood tests and imaging studies to monitor your liver function and the effectiveness of the treatment.
• Medication Interactions: Keep a list of all your medications, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and supplements, and share it with your healthcare provider. Actigall can interact with other medications.
• Missed Doses: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not double up on doses.
• Report Side Effects: Inform your doctor about any side effects you experience, especially if they are severe or persistent.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you become pregnant while taking Actigall, inform your doctor immediately. Discuss the risks and benefits of continuing treatment during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.
• Do Not Share Medication: Do not share your medication with others, even if they have similar symptoms, as it may not be appropriate for them.
• Alcohol Use: Discuss alcohol use with your doctor, as alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage, especially in patients with liver disease.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for using, storing, and disposing of Actigall, and consult them if you have any questions or concerns.