Why is this medication prescribed?

Acarbose is a medication prescribed primarily for the management of type 2 diabetes. It works by inhibiting enzymes in the small intestine that break down carbohydrates into glucose. This slows the absorption of carbohydrates, leading to a slower and lower rise in blood sugar levels after meals. It can help control blood sugar levels in conjunction with diet and exercise.

How should this medicine be used?

Acarbose should be taken with the first bite of a meal. It’s typically prescribed to be taken three times a day, with each main meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). The dosage is usually started at a low level and gradually increased based on blood sugar response and tolerance.

Here are some general guidelines:

• Dosage: Follow your doctor’s instructions on dosage. The initial dose is usually low, and it may be increased gradually.
• Administration: Take acarbose with the first bite of each main meal to maximize its effectiveness.
• Diet: Acarbose should be used in conjunction with a proper diet plan. It doesn’t replace the need for dietary management in diabetes.
• Monitoring: Regular blood sugar monitoring is important to check how well the medication is working and to make any necessary adjustments.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for use and consult them if you have any questions or experience any side effects.

Other uses for this medicine

While Acarbose is primarily used for managing type 2 diabetes, it has also been investigated for other potential uses, such as:

• Prevention of type 2 diabetes: In some cases, it may be used to prevent diabetes in people with prediabetes.
• Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): There’s some evidence that it can help with insulin resistance associated with PCOS.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions:

• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider if you have any known allergies to acarbose or other medications.
• Digestive Issues: Acarbose can cause gastrointestinal side effects like gas, bloating, and diarrhea. If these are severe or persistent, consult your doctor.
• Kidney and Liver Function: People with kidney or liver conditions should use acarbose with caution, and your doctor may need to monitor your liver function and adjust the dosage.
• Blood Sugar Levels: Be aware that acarbose can interfere with the absorption of glucose. If you experience hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), use glucose tablets or gel to treat it, as other forms of sugar (like sucrose) may not be as effective.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss with your doctor whether acarbose is appropriate for you.
• Other Medications: Inform your doctor of all other medications and supplements you’re taking, as there could be interactions that affect the efficacy of acarbose or other drugs.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s advice and discuss any concerns or side effects you experience.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Carbohydrate Intake: Maintain a balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, as acarbose works by affecting carbohydrate digestion. Your healthcare provider or a dietitian can help you plan your diet effectively.
• Regular Meals: Take acarbose with the first bite of each main meal to ensure it’s effective. Avoid skipping meals or making significant changes to your eating patterns without consulting your healthcare provider.
• Monitoring: Pay attention to how different foods affect your blood sugar levels. Your healthcare provider may give specific dietary recommendations based on your needs.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Timing: If you forget a dose and it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose; do not double up to make up for a missed one.
• Administration: Take the missed dose with the next meal. If it’s not close to your next meal, just continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Consultation: If you frequently forget doses or have any concerns, consult your healthcare provider for advice on how to manage your dosing schedule.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Acarbose can cause various side effects, though not everyone experiences them. Common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal Issues:
  • Gas: Acarbose can lead to increased flatulence.
  • Bloating: Some people may experience abdominal bloating.
  • Diarrhea: This is a common side effect and may be bothersome for some.
• Abdominal Pain: Some individuals may experience stomach discomfort or cramping.
• Nausea: Acarbose may cause nausea in some people.
• Rashes or Itching: Allergic reactions might manifest as skin rashes or itching, though these are less common.
• Liver Enzyme Abnormalities: In rare cases, acarbose can affect liver function, leading to elevated liver enzymes.
• Hypoglycemia: While rare, acarbose can contribute to low blood sugar levels, especially if used in combination with other antidiabetic medications.

If you experience severe or persistent side effects, or if you notice symptoms such as yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, or severe abdominal pain, contact your healthcare provider immediately. They can help manage side effects and adjust your treatment if necessary.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Acarbose:

• Storage:
  • Temperature: Store acarbose at room temperature, away from excess heat and moisture. Typically, this means keeping it in a dry place at 20-25°C (68-77°F).
  • Container: Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed to protect it from light and moisture.
  • Children and Pets: Ensure that the medication is stored out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal:
  • Follow Instructions: Dispose of acarbose according to local regulations or guidelines provided by your pharmacist or healthcare provider. Some medications can be returned to a pharmacy for safe disposal.
  • Do Not Flush: Avoid flushing medications down the toilet or pouring them down the sink unless specifically instructed to do so.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Symptoms of Overdose:
  • Severe Gastrointestinal Issues: Overdose may exacerbate common side effects like severe gas, bloating, or diarrhea.
  • Low Blood Sugar: Although acarbose typically lowers blood sugar gradually, an overdose might lead to severe hypoglycemia.
• What to Do:
  • Contact Emergency Services: If you suspect an overdose or experience severe symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.
  • Emergency Help: Call your local poison control center or go to the nearest emergency room for immediate assistance.

What other information should I know?

• Regular Monitoring: Keep track of your blood sugar levels regularly to ensure that acarbose is working effectively and to adjust treatment if necessary.
• Communication with Healthcare Provider: Regularly update your healthcare provider about any new symptoms or side effects you experience. This includes informing them of any other medications or supplements you are taking.
• Medication Interactions: Be aware of potential interactions with other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements. Your healthcare provider can help you manage these interactions.
• Adherence to Treatment: Follow your prescribed regimen carefully, including dietary recommendations, to ensure the best outcomes for managing your condition.

Always consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and instructions related to your use of acarbose.