WARNING

Abitrexate (generic Methotrexate) is a medication used to treat certain types of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancies. While effective, it does come with some risks:

• Liver Damage: Methotrexate can cause liver toxicity, potentially leading to liver inflammation or damage.
• Kidney Issues: It may affect kidney function, potentially causing reduced urine output or other kidney problems.
• Blood Disorders: Risks include anemia, low white blood cell counts (increasing infection risk), and low platelet counts (increasing bleeding risk).
• Infections: The drug can suppress the immune system, making you more susceptible to infections.
• Gastrointestinal Problems: Common issues include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth sores.
• Pulmonary Issues: Rarely, it can cause lung inflammation or other respiratory problems.
• Pregnancy Risks: Methotrexate is harmful during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Regular monitoring and following healthcare provider instructions can help manage these risks.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Abitrexate, which is a brand name for methotrexate injection, is used to treat various conditions. Methotrexate is a type of medication known as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Here are some of the common uses for methotrexate:

• Rheumatoid Arthritis: It helps reduce inflammation and slow disease progression.
• Psoriasis: Methotrexate can help manage severe cases of psoriasis that haven’t responded to other treatments.
• Certain Cancers: It’s used in chemotherapy to treat cancers like leukemia, lymphoma, and some solid tumors.
• Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: It can be used to manage severe cases of these inflammatory bowel diseases.
• Ectopic Pregnancy: Methotrexate can be used to treat an ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

The exact use depends on the specific condition and the individual’s response to the medication.

How should this medicine be used?

Abitrexate (methotrexate injection) is typically administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional. Here are some general guidelines for its use:

• Administration: Methotrexate is usually given as an injection, which can be intramuscular (into a muscle), subcutaneous (under the skin), or sometimes intravenous (into a vein), depending on the condition being treated. The healthcare provider will determine the appropriate route and dosage.
• Dosage: The dosage and frequency of administration vary based on the condition being treated. For example, in treating rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis, it might be given weekly, while in cancer treatment, it may be given more frequently or as part of a chemotherapy regimen.
• Preparation: The injection should be prepared and administered by a healthcare professional to ensure proper technique and dosage.
• Follow-Up: Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor the drug’s effectiveness and check for side effects. Blood tests are often required to monitor liver function, kidney function, and blood cell counts.
• Storage: If you are storing the medication at home, follow the storage instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Methotrexate should typically be stored at room temperature and protected from light.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s specific instructions regarding the use of Abitrexate and discuss any concerns or questions you may have about the treatment.

Other uses for this medicine

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): It can be used to manage severe cases of lupus.
• Autoimmune Vasculitis: Methotrexate may be used to treat certain types of vasculitis.
• Certain Types of Abnormal Cells: In some cases, it might be used to treat conditions with abnormal cell proliferation that don’t fit neatly into the other categories.

What special precautions should I follow?

Here are some important precautions to follow while using Abitrexate:

• Regular Monitoring: Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor liver function, kidney function, and blood cell counts, as methotrexate can affect these organs and systems.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Methotrexate is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential harm to the fetus or infant. Effective contraception should be used during treatment, and breastfeeding should be avoided.
• Drug Interactions: Methotrexate can interact with various other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements. Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking.
• Liver Health: Methotrexate can be toxic to the liver. Avoid alcohol and discuss any liver issues with your healthcare provider.
• Kidney Function: Adequate hydration is important, as methotrexate can affect kidney function. Ensure you drink enough fluids and report any signs of kidney issues to your healthcare provider.
• Infections: Methotrexate can suppress the immune system, making you more susceptible to infections. Take precautions to avoid infections and report any signs of infection immediately.
• Vaccinations: Live vaccines should generally be avoided during methotrexate treatment due to the risk of reduced vaccine effectiveness and potential infections.
• Avoiding Sun Exposure: Methotrexate can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight, so use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when exposed to the sun.

Always follow the specific advice given by your healthcare provider, as they can tailor precautions based on your individual health profile and treatment plan.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Balanced Diet: Maintain a healthy, balanced diet to support overall well-being. Methotrexate can sometimes cause nausea or changes in appetite, so eat small, frequent meals if needed.
• Avoiding Certain Foods: There are no specific food restrictions for methotrexate, but if you experience gastrointestinal side effects, you might need to adjust your diet accordingly.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Missed Dose: If you miss a dose, contact your healthcare provider for advice. They will provide instructions based on how long it’s been since the missed dose and your treatment schedule.
• Do Not Double Dose: Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to get back on track.
• Regular Schedule: Try to take your medication at the same time each week (or as prescribed) to help remember and maintain a consistent level of the drug in your system.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Abitrexate (methotrexate) can cause a range of side effects. Not everyone will experience them, and some people may experience side effects not listed here. Common and less common side effects include:

Common Side Effects:

• Gastrointestinal Issues:
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Mouth sores or ulcers
• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak
• Loss of Appetite: Decreased interest in food, which can lead to weight loss
• Dizziness or Headaches: Feeling lightheaded or experiencing headaches
• Hair Loss: Temporary thinning or loss of hair

Serious Side Effects:

• Liver Problems: Elevated liver enzymes, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), or abdominal pain
• Kidney Problems: Reduced urine output, swelling, or blood in the urine
• Blood Disorders: Anemia, low white blood cell count (which increases infection risk), or low platelet count (which can cause bleeding or bruising)
• Pulmonary Issues: Cough, shortness of breath, or lung inflammation
• Severe Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing
• Infections: Increased susceptibility to infections due to immune system suppression
• Neurological Issues: Confusion, seizures, or tremors (rare)
• Tumor Lysis Syndrome: A serious condition that can occur if cancer cells break down too quickly, leading to a rapid release of toxins into the bloodstream
• Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: A rare, severe skin reaction that causes skin and mucous membrane detachment

If you experience any of these serious side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately. For common side effects, discuss with your provider how to manage them and whether any adjustments to your treatment plan are needed.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Abitrexate:

Storage:

• Temperature: Store methotrexate injections at room temperature, typically between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Protection: Keep the medication away from light and moisture. Do not freeze.
• Location: Store the medication out of reach of children and pets.

Disposal:

• Unused Medication: Dispose of any unused or expired methotrexate according to local regulations. Many communities have take-back programs or pharmacies that accept unused medications for safe disposal.
• Do Not Flush: Do not flush methotrexate down the toilet or sink unless instructed to do so by a pharmacist or local regulations.
• Container: Place the medication in a sealed container or bag before disposal to prevent accidental ingestion.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Signs of Overdose: Symptoms might include severe nausea, vomiting, dizziness, rash, or other serious side effects.
• Immediate Action: If you suspect an overdose or experience severe side effects, seek emergency medical help immediately.
• Contact Poison Control: You can also call your local poison control center for guidance.
• Hospital Care: Treatment for an overdose will likely be managed in a hospital setting. Medical professionals may provide supportive care and specific treatments based on the symptoms and severity.

What other information should I know?

• Monitoring: Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider is essential to monitor your response to the medication and manage any potential side effects.
• Consistency: Take the medication exactly as prescribed. Do not adjust the dosage or frequency without consulting your healthcare provider.
• Inform Healthcare Providers: Inform all healthcare providers, including dentists and specialists, that you are taking methotrexate.
• Medical ID: Consider wearing a medical ID bracelet or necklace indicating that you are on methotrexate, especially if you are taking it for a long-term condition.
• Preventive Measures: Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, to support overall well-being while on methotrexate.

Always follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider and pharmacist for the most accurate and personalized advice.