WARNING

Codeine is an opioid medication used to treat mild to moderate pain and to suppress coughing. While it can be effective for these purposes, it comes with certain risks and potential side effects. Here’s a brief overview of the risks associated with taking codeine:

• Addiction and Dependence: Codeine, like other opioids, has the potential for addiction and dependence. Prolonged use or misuse can lead to physical and psychological dependence, making it difficult for individuals to stop using it.
• Respiratory Depression: Opioids, including codeine, can slow down the respiratory system, leading to a decreased rate of breathing. In high doses or when combined with other substances that depress the central nervous system (such as alcohol), this can result in severe respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening.
• Constipation: Opioids are known to cause constipation by slowing down bowel movements. This side effect can be bothersome and may require additional medications or lifestyle changes to manage.
• Sedation and Drowsiness: Codeine can cause drowsiness and sedation, impairing cognitive and motor skills. It is important for individuals taking codeine to avoid activities that require mental alertness, such as driving, until they understand how the medication affects them.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Codeine use may be associated with nausea and vomiting, which can be particularly problematic for some individuals.
• Allergic Reactions: Some people may be allergic to codeine or other components of the medication, leading to allergic reactions. Signs of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing.
• Interactions with Other Medications: Codeine can interact with other medications, including those that depress the central nervous system. Combining codeine with certain drugs or substances, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other opioids, can increase the risk of serious side effects, including respiratory depression.

It’s important for individuals to use codeine only as prescribed by a healthcare professional and to be aware of the potential risks and side effects. Additionally, healthcare providers should be informed of any other medications or substances being used to minimize the risk of interactions. If someone experiences severe side effects or has concerns about the use of codeine, they should seek medical attention promptly.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Codeine is an opioid analgesic, which means it is a type of medication used to relieve pain. It is often prescribed for the treatment of mild to moderately severe pain. Additionally, codeine is sometimes used in combination with other medications to suppress coughing.

Here are some common medical uses for codeine:

• Pain Relief: Codeine is used to alleviate pain, such as that caused by injuries, surgeries, or certain medical conditions.
• Cough Suppression: Codeine is sometimes included in cough medications to help suppress coughing, particularly when other non-opioid cough suppressants have been ineffective.

How should this medicine be used?

Here are some general guidelines for using codeine:

• Follow Prescribed Dosage: Take codeine exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take more than the recommended dose, and do not take it more frequently than prescribed.
• Use a Measuring Device: When using liquid forms of codeine, use a proper measuring device to ensure accurate dosage. Do not use a household spoon, as it may not provide the correct measurement.
• Monitor for Side Effects: Be aware of potential side effects, including drowsiness, dizziness, constipation, and nausea. If you experience severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare provider.
• Avoid Alcohol: Avoid consuming alcohol while taking codeine, as it can increase the risk of side effects and may lead to dangerous interactions.
• Do Not Suddenly Stop Taking: If you have been taking codeine regularly, do not suddenly stop the medication without consulting your doctor. Abruptly stopping opioid medications can lead to withdrawal symptoms.

It’s crucial to communicate openly with your healthcare provider about your medical history, other medications you are taking, and any concerns or questions you may have regarding the use of codeine. Opioid medications like codeine should be used with caution due to the potential for dependence and other risks, so they should only be taken under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Other uses for this medicine

Apart from its primary uses in pain management and cough suppression, codeine is sometimes prescribed off-label for other conditions. However, it’s important to note that the off-label use of codeine should only be done under the supervision and guidance of a healthcare professional. Some potential off-label uses may include:

• Diarrhea: Codeine can be used to slow down bowel movements and reduce diarrhea.
• Migraine: In some cases, codeine may be prescribed for the relief of migraines when other medications are not effective.
• Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath): Codeine may be used to alleviate shortness of breath in certain medical conditions.

What special precautions should I follow?

As for special precautions when using codeine, here are some important considerations:

• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider about any allergies you have, especially if you are allergic to codeine or other opioids.
• Medical History: Provide a comprehensive medical history, including any history of respiratory conditions, liver or kidney disease, head injuries, mental health conditions, or a history of substance abuse.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Codeine can pass into breast milk and may have adverse effects on a nursing infant.
• Interaction with Other Medications: Codeine may interact with other medications you are taking, including other opioids, benzodiazepines, and certain antidepressants. Inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently taking.
• Respiratory Depression: Codeine can cause respiratory depression, which is a slowing down of breathing. This risk is higher in individuals with respiratory conditions, elderly patients, and those with certain medical conditions. Dosages should be carefully monitored to avoid respiratory depression.
• Dependence and Withdrawal: Prolonged use of codeine can lead to physical and psychological dependence. Abruptly stopping the medication may lead to withdrawal symptoms. Your healthcare provider will provide guidance on how to safely discontinue the medication if necessary.
• Avoid Alcohol and Other Depressants: Combining codeine with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants can increase the risk of respiratory depression and other serious side effects.

Always take codeine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. If you experience any unusual or severe side effects, contact your healthcare provider promptly. Never self-adjust the dosage or suddenly stop taking codeine without consulting your doctor, as this can have adverse effects. Regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider are essential to monitor the effectiveness and safety of the medication.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Fluid Intake: Codeine can cause constipation, so it’s important to maintain adequate fluid intake.
• Fiber-rich Diet: Include fiber-rich foods in your diet to help prevent constipation. Your doctor may also recommend a stool softener or laxative.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Take it as Soon as Possible: If you forget a dose of codeine, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule.
• Do Not Double Dose: Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Taking too much codeine can lead to serious side effects.
• Follow Recommendations: If you are unsure about what to do if you miss a dose, contact your healthcare provider for guidance.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Codeine, like other opioid medications, can cause a range of side effects. It’s important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and the severity can vary from person to person. Common side effects of codeine include:

• Drowsiness: Codeine can cause drowsiness or sedation. It’s important to avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery, until you know how codeine affects you.
• Constipation: Opioid medications, including codeine, often lead to constipation. It’s advisable to increase your fluid intake and dietary fiber, and your doctor may recommend a stool softener or laxative.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting while taking codeine.
• Dizziness: Codeine can cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up from a sitting or lying position. Take caution to avoid falls or injuries.
• Headache: Headaches can occur as a side effect of codeine.
• Dry Mouth: Opioids can cause dry mouth, so staying hydrated and using sugar-free gum or candy may help alleviate this symptom.
• Itching: Some people may experience itching or a skin rash as a side effect of codeine.
• Sweating: Excessive sweating, known as diaphoresis, can occur with codeine use.

These side effects are generally considered common and may improve as your body adjusts to the medication. However, if these effects persist or worsen, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider.

In addition to the common side effects, there are more serious side effects associated with opioid use, including codeine. These can include:

• Respiratory Depression: Opioids, including codeine, can slow down breathing. This is a serious side effect that requires immediate medical attention.
• Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure): Codeine can cause a drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness or fainting.
• Allergic Reactions: In rare cases, individuals may experience allergic reactions to codeine, such as hives, itching, or difficulty breathing. Seek emergency medical attention if you experience these symptoms.
• Dependency and Addiction: Prolonged use of opioids can lead to physical dependence, and in some cases, addiction. It’s important to use codeine only as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
• Withdrawal Symptoms: Abruptly stopping codeine can lead to withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, irritability, insomnia, nausea, sweating, and more.

If you experience severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately. It’s crucial to communicate openly with your doctor about your response to the medication and any concerns you may have.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of codeine:

• Storage:
  • Store codeine at room temperature, away from moisture, heat, and light.
  • Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
  • Store it in its original container with a tightly closed lid.
• Disposal:
  • Follow local guidelines for medication disposal. Do not flush medications down the toilet unless instructed to do so.
  • Some pharmacies and community centers have drug take-back programs. Check if there is one in your area.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Symptoms of Overdose:
  • Shallow or difficulty breathing
  • Extreme drowsiness or inability to stay awake
  • Cold, clammy skin
  • Constricted pupils
  • Loss of consciousness or coma
• Emergency Actions:
  • Call emergency services (911 in the U.S.) immediately.
  • While waiting for help, try to keep the person awake and sitting up.
  • If the person is unconscious, check for breathing and administer CPR if necessary.
  • Do not attempt to treat the overdose at home without professional guidance.

What other information should I know?

• Medical History: Inform your healthcare provider about your complete medical history, especially if you have a history of substance abuse, respiratory issues, or liver problems.
• Interaction with Other Medications: Inform your healthcare provider about all the medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, that you are taking. Codeine can interact with certain medications.
• Driving and Machinery: Codeine can cause drowsiness and impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. Avoid these activities until you know how codeine affects you.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Codeine can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby.
• Avoid Alcohol: Avoid alcohol while taking codeine. Combining alcohol with codeine can increase the risk of serious side effects.
• Follow Dosage Instructions: Take codeine exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose, and do not take it more frequently than prescribed.

Always consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for personalized advice regarding your specific health condition and medications. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice.