Why is this medication prescribed?

When there is insufficient vitamin A in the diet, vitamin A supplements are taken. Individuals who have a restricted diet, suffer from malabsorption issues (problems digesting food), have cystic fibrosis (an inborn condition that impairs breathing, digestion, and reproduction), or both are most at risk for vitamin A insufficiency. Vitamin A helps both prevent and treat night blindness and xerophthalmia, which is the inability to see in dim light. Vitamin A belongs to a group of drugs known as antioxidants. The body needs it to support the immune system, aid in cell proliferation, reproduction, and eyesight. It functions to support cell growth and function while shielding your cells from free radical damage.

How should this medicine be used?

Vitamin A is available as liquid drops, gel capsules, and capsules for oral use. Usually, you take it once daily or as prescribed by your physician. While vitamin A is freely available, your doctor might prescribe it to address specific illnesses. Pay close attention to the instructions on the product label, the box, and your doctor’s prescription. If there is anything you are unsure about, ask your pharmacist or doctor to clarify. Consume vitamin A as prescribed. Take it as prescribed by your doctor; do not take less or more of it.

Supplements containing only vitamin A or vitamin A combined with other vitamins are available.

Other uses for this medicine

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information if you think this medicine could be recommended for something else.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions should be taken when using vitamin A supplements, especially in high doses or for extended periods. Here are some important precautions to consider:

• Avoid Excessive Dosages: Vitamin A can be toxic in high doses, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, and in severe cases, liver damage. Follow the recommended dosage provided by your healthcare provider.
• Pregnancy: Pregnant women should be cautious with vitamin A supplementation, as excessive intake can harm the developing fetus and may increase the risk of birth defects. Pregnant women should consult with their healthcare provider before taking vitamin A supplements.
• Interactions with Medications: Vitamin A supplements may interact with certain medications, such as isotretinoin (Accutane) and other retinoids used to treat acne. These interactions can increase the risk of toxicity or other adverse effects. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking before starting vitamin A supplementation.
• Liver Disease: Individuals with liver disease should use vitamin A supplements with caution, as they may be at increased risk of vitamin A toxicity due to impaired liver function.
• Nutrient Balance: Taking high doses of vitamin A supplements for extended periods can disrupt the balance of other nutrients in the body, such as vitamin D and calcium. It’s important to maintain a balanced diet and avoid excessive supplementation unless advised by a healthcare professional.

Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications. They can provide personalized recommendations based on your individual health status and needs.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Include Vitamin A-Rich Foods: Instead of relying solely on supplements, aim to include vitamin A-rich foods in your diet. These include liver, fish oil, dairy products, eggs, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables (such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and mangoes), leafy green vegetables, and fortified foods.
• Balanced Diet: Maintain a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, and healthy fats. This can help ensure you’re getting all the nutrients your body needs for optimal health.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of your vitamin A supplement, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it’s almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, as this can increase the risk of side effects or toxicity.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Vitamin A is essential for various bodily functions, but excessive intake can lead to side effects and toxicity. Some potential side effects of vitamin A supplementation include:

• Nausea and Vomiting: High doses of vitamin A can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
• Headache: Some individuals may experience headaches as a side effect of vitamin A supplementation.
• Dizziness: Excessive vitamin A intake can cause dizziness or lightheadedness in some people.
• Blurred Vision: High doses of vitamin A may lead to temporary or persistent blurred vision.
• Dry or Cracked Skin: Vitamin A toxicity can result in dry, itchy, or cracked skin.
• Hair Loss: Excessive intake of vitamin A may contribute to hair loss or thinning hair.
• Bone and Joint Pain: Some individuals may experience bone or joint pain as a side effect of vitamin A supplementation.
• Liver Damage: Long-term excessive intake of vitamin A can lead to liver damage, particularly in individuals with pre-existing liver conditions.
• Intracranial Pressure: Rarely, high doses of vitamin A can lead to increased intracranial pressure, causing symptoms such as headache, papilledema (swelling of the optic disc), and visual disturbances.
• Birth Defects: Pregnant women who consume excessive amounts of vitamin A are at risk of giving birth to babies with birth defects, particularly affecting the central nervous system, heart, and facial features.

It’s important to note that these side effects are more likely to occur with high doses of vitamin A, either through supplementation or overconsumption of vitamin A-rich foods. Most people can meet their vitamin A needs through a balanced diet without the need for supplementation. If you experience any concerning symptoms while taking vitamin A supplements, consult with your healthcare provider for guidance.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal:

• Store Safely: Keep vitamin A supplements out of reach of children and pets, preferably in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Follow any specific storage instructions provided on the product packaging.
• Proper Disposal: If you have expired or unused vitamin A supplements, it’s essential to dispose of them properly to prevent accidental ingestion. You can check with your local pharmacy or waste disposal facility for guidance on how to safely dispose of medications and supplements.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Seek Medical Attention: If you suspect you or someone else has overdosed on vitamin A, seek medical attention immediately. Call your local poison control center or emergency services for guidance.
• Symptom Management: While waiting for medical help, if the person is conscious and able to swallow, give them water or milk to drink to help dilute the vitamin A in their system. However, do not attempt to induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.

What other information should I know?

• Follow Healthcare Provider’s Recommendations: Always follow the dosage and usage instructions provided by your healthcare provider or as indicated on the product packaging. Avoid self-prescribing high doses of vitamin A supplements without medical supervision.
• Regular Monitoring: If you’re taking vitamin A supplements for a specific health condition, your healthcare provider may recommend regular monitoring of your vitamin A levels to ensure you’re not exceeding safe levels.
• Balanced Diet: While vitamin A supplements can be beneficial for individuals with deficiencies or specific health conditions, aim to obtain nutrients from a balanced diet whenever possible. Incorporate vitamin A-rich foods into your meals, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and lean meats.
• Consult Healthcare Provider: If you have any questions or concerns about vitamin A supplementation, its potential side effects, or interactions with medications, consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and recommendations.

By following these guidelines and staying informed about the safe use of vitamin A supplements, you can help ensure their effectiveness while minimizing the risk of adverse effects or emergencies.