Why is this medication prescribed?

Atovaquone and Proguanil, are primarily prescribed for the prevention and treatment of malaria. It is used to prevent malaria in people traveling to areas where the disease is common. It can also be used to treat uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum.

How should this medicine be used?

Here’s how it’s generally used:

• Dosage: The dosage depends on whether it’s being used for prevention or treatment, and the specifics can vary based on individual health conditions and travel details. Generally, for adults:
  • Prevention: One tablet daily, starting 1-2 days before entering a malaria-endemic area, continuing during the stay, and for 7 days after leaving.
  • Treatment: Two tablets twice daily for 3 days.
• Administration: It should be taken with food or a milky drink to enhance absorption and minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
• Consistency: It’s important to take it at the same time each day to maintain consistent levels in the body.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s specific instructions regarding dosage and duration. If you have any questions or experience side effects, consult with your provider.

Other uses for this medicine

While Atovaquone and Proguanil are primarily used for malaria, they have a few additional uses:

• Treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PCP): The combination is sometimes used off-label for the treatment and prevention of PCP, particularly in patients with HIV/AIDS who are intolerant to other treatments.

What special precautions should I follow?

When using Atovaquone and Proguanil, consider the following precautions:

• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider if you have any allergies to this medication or to other drugs.
• Medical History: Use with caution if you have liver disease, as the medication is metabolized by the liver. It may require adjustment in case of severe kidney disease.
• Drug Interactions: Avoid taking antacids containing aluminum or magnesium within 2 hours of taking Atovaquone and Proguanil, as they can decrease the absorption of the medication. Inform your doctor about all other medications, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, as they may interact with Atovaquone and Proguanil.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The medication should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Discuss with your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. It’s generally considered safe during breastfeeding, but consult your healthcare provider to ensure it’s appropriate for you.
• Side Effects: Be aware of potential side effects such as gastrointestinal issues, headaches, or skin rashes. Contact your doctor if you experience severe side effects or signs of an allergic reaction.
• Dosage Adherence: Follow the prescribed dosage strictly to ensure effectiveness and reduce the risk of drug resistance.

Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice based on your health history and specific needs.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Food Intake: Take this medication with food to enhance absorption. A high-fat meal is recommended, as it improves the absorption of Atovaquone.
• Alcohol: Limit or avoid alcohol consumption while on this medication, as it can affect the drug’s effectiveness and increase the risk of side effects.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Timing: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up to make up for a missed dose.
• Schedule: Continue with your regular dosing schedule.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Atovaquone and Proguanil can cause a range of side effects, though not everyone experiences them. Common side effects include:

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea: Feeling queasy or having an upset stomach.
• Vomiting: Occasional throwing up.
• Diarrhea: Loose or watery stools.
• Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the stomach area.
• Headache: Mild to moderate headaches.

Less Common Side Effects:

• Rash: Skin irritation or rash.
• Dizziness: Feeling lightheaded or unsteady.
• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak.
• Fever: Elevated body temperature.
• Liver Problems: Symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, or severe abdominal pain.
• Allergic Reactions: Severe symptoms including swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, severe itching, or difficulty breathing.
• Severe Skin Reactions: Rare but serious skin conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.

If you experience any severe or persistent symptoms, or if you have concerns about side effects, it’s important to contact your healthcare provider promptly. They can offer guidance and determine whether any adjustments to your treatment are needed.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal:

• Storage: Keep Atovaquone and Proguanil tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Typically, this means storing them in a dry place, away from direct sunlight, and not in the bathroom.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired medication properly. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. You can use a drug take-back program or follow FDA guidelines for medication disposal. Check with your pharmacist for local disposal options.

In case of emergency/overdose

• In Case of Overdose: If you suspect an overdose, contact emergency medical services or go to the nearest emergency room immediately. Symptoms of an overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
• Contact Information: You can also contact Poison Control (1-800-222-1222 in the U.S.) for immediate advice.

What other information should I know?

• Monitoring: Regular check-ups may be required to monitor for side effects or effectiveness, especially if you have underlying health conditions.
• Travel: If you are traveling to areas where malaria is common, make sure to start the medication as prescribed and complete the full course. It’s also important to follow other preventive measures such as using insect repellent and sleeping under a mosquito net.
• Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications and supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions.

If you have any other specific questions or concerns, consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.