WARNING

Alkeran Tablets is a medication used to treat certain types of cancer, including multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. However, it comes with some risks and potential side effects. Here are the main concerns:

• Bone Marrow Suppression: Alkeran can reduce the production of blood cells in the bone marrow, leading to anemia, increased risk of infection, and bleeding problems.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite can occur.
• Liver Toxicity: Liver function can be affected, leading to potential liver damage.
• Secondary Malignancies: Long-term use may increase the risk of developing other cancers.
• Infertility: It can affect fertility in both men and women.
• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Allergic reactions are possible, though less common.

Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential to manage these risks effectively.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Alkeran Tablets, which contain the generic drug melphalan, are primarily used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, including multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. Melphalan is a type of chemotherapy drug that works by interfering with the DNA in cancer cells, preventing them from growing and dividing.

How should this medicine be used?

Here’s how to use Alkeran tablets:

• Dosage: The dosage of Alkeran is typically tailored to the individual based on factors like the type of cancer, response to treatment, and overall health. It’s crucial to follow the prescribed dosage carefully.
• Administration: The tablets are usually taken by mouth with or without food. It’s important to swallow them whole and not crush or chew them.
• Schedule: Treatment schedules can vary. Alkeran may be given in cycles, with periods of treatment followed by breaks to allow the body to recover.
• Monitoring: Regular blood tests and medical evaluations are necessary to monitor for side effects and adjust the dosage if needed.
• Compliance: Adherence to the prescribed regimen is critical for effectiveness and to minimize the risk of complications.

Always follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider and report any unusual symptoms or side effects.

Other uses for this medicine

Other Uses for Alkeran Tablets:

• Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Alkeran may sometimes be used off-label for treating this type of cancer.
• Preconditioning for Stem Cell Transplant: In some cases, it’s used as part of a preparative regimen before a stem cell transplant.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions for Alkeran Tablets:

• Bone Marrow Function: Regular monitoring of blood cell counts is crucial because Alkeran can affect bone marrow function. Your doctor may adjust the dosage based on these results.
• Infection Risk: Since Alkeran can suppress immune function, take steps to avoid infections, such as practicing good hygiene and avoiding exposure to illness.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Alkeran can be harmful to an unborn baby and may affect fertility. Effective contraception is advised during treatment. It’s also not recommended for breastfeeding.
• Liver Function: Monitor liver function tests regularly, as Alkeran can affect the liver.
• Kidney Function: Dosage adjustments might be needed for individuals with impaired kidney function.
• Vaccinations: Live vaccines should be avoided while on Alkeran due to the potential for decreased immune response.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider of all other medications you’re taking, as Alkeran can interact with other drugs.
• Side Effects: Be vigilant for symptoms such as unusual bleeding, persistent nausea, or signs of liver issues (e.g., jaundice). Report these to your healthcare provider promptly.

Always follow the guidance of your healthcare provider regarding the use of Alkeran and any precautions you need to take.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Food Interaction: Alkeran can be taken with or without food, but consistent eating habits may help manage any gastrointestinal side effects.
• Hydration: Maintain adequate hydration to support kidney function and overall health.
• Avoiding Certain Foods: There are no specific dietary restrictions, but if you experience nausea or gastrointestinal issues, your healthcare provider may suggest dietary adjustments to ease these symptoms.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• Timing: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up doses to make up for a missed one.
• Consult Your Healthcare Provider: Always consult your healthcare provider for specific instructions on missed doses and to determine the best course of action based on your treatment plan.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Alkeran Tablets (generic Melphalan) can cause a range of side effects. Common and serious side effects include:

Common Side Effects:

• Nausea and Vomiting: Gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea and vomiting.
• Diarrhea: Loose or frequent bowel movements.
• Loss of Appetite: Reduced desire to eat.
• Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak.
• Mouth Sores: Ulcers or sores in the mouth.
• Skin Changes: Rashes or changes in skin color.
• Neurological Effects: Rare cases of peripheral neuropathy (tingling or numbness in extremities).

Serious Side Effects:

• Bone Marrow Suppression: Low blood cell counts leading to anemia, increased risk of infection, and bleeding problems.
• Liver Toxicity: Elevated liver enzymes, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), or liver damage.
• Kidney Issues: Potential kidney dysfunction or damage.
• Secondary Cancers: Increased risk of developing other cancers over time.
• Infertility: Possible effects on reproductive function in both men and women.
• Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, or severe reactions like anaphylaxis.
• Fever or Infections: Due to reduced immune function.

Regular monitoring and communication with your healthcare provider are essential to manage and mitigate these side effects. If you experience any severe or persistent symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Alkeran Tablets:

• Storage:
  • Store Alkeran tablets at room temperature, away from excess heat and moisture (usually between 68°F and 77°F or 20°C to 25°C).
  • Keep the tablets in their original container, tightly closed, and out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal:
  • Dispose of unused or expired Alkeran tablets through a drug take-back program or pharmacy that offers disposal services.
  • If no take-back programs are available, follow FDA guidelines for disposal. Generally, this involves mixing the medication with an undesirable substance (like used coffee grounds) in a sealed bag and disposing of it in the household trash.
  • Avoid flushing medications down the toilet unless the label or patient information specifically instructs you to do so.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Seek Medical Attention: Contact your local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency room immediately if you suspect an overdose.
• Symptoms of Overdose: Symptoms may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding, signs of infection, or severe fatigue.
• Provide Information: Be ready to provide information about the amount of Alkeran taken and the time of ingestion to medical professionals.

What other information should I know?

• Regular Monitoring: Regular blood tests and medical check-ups are essential to monitor for side effects and assess the effectiveness of treatment.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider of all medications, supplements, and over-the-counter drugs you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Healthcare Provider Communication: Keep open communication with your healthcare provider about any side effects, concerns, or changes in your condition.
• Emergency Contact: Have contact information for your healthcare provider or an after-hours service for any urgent concerns or questions.
• Patient Information Leaflet: Review the patient information leaflet provided with your medication for specific details about Alkeran and consult your healthcare provider with any questions or concerns.