WARNING

While Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) is generally considered safe and effective for the treatment of HIV, as with any medication, there are potential risks and side effects associated with its use. It’s crucial to use Viread under the supervision of a healthcare professional, and individuals should be aware of possible risks. Here is a brief overview:

• Kidney Issues: Tenofovir, the active ingredient in Viread, can affect the kidneys in some individuals. It may lead to a decrease in kidney function, kidney failure, or Fanconi syndrome (a rare kidney disorder). Regular monitoring of kidney function is usually recommended during treatment.
• Bone Density Loss: Some studies suggest that long-term use of tenofovir may be associated with a decrease in bone mineral density, which could lead to an increased risk of fractures. This is more commonly observed in individuals with pre-existing risk factors for bone loss.
• Lactic Acidosis: In rare cases, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), including tenofovir, have been associated with a serious condition called lactic acidosis, which is characterized by an accumulation of lactic acid in the body. This condition can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
• Liver Issues: Individuals with pre-existing liver conditions or hepatitis B co-infection may experience worsening of liver function. Regular monitoring is important in such cases.
• Immune Reconstitution Syndrome: In some HIV-infected individuals, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (including Viread) may result in an inflammatory response to previously hidden infections, known as immune reconstitution syndrome.
• Drug Interactions: Viread may interact with other medications, potentially affecting their efficacy or leading to increased side effects. It’s essential to inform healthcare providers about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, being taken.

These risks vary among individuals, and not everyone will experience them. The benefits of HIV treatment with Viread often outweigh the potential risks, especially when used as prescribed and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Individuals considering or taking Viread should discuss their medical history, including any existing health conditions, with their healthcare provider. Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments are typically recommended to manage and address any potential issues.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Viread is a brand name for the drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, which is an antiviral medication. It is primarily prescribed for the treatment of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which play a crucial role in the body’s immune response.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate belongs to a class of drugs called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). It works by inhibiting the activity of the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is essential for the replication of the HIV virus. By blocking this enzyme, Viread helps to reduce the viral load in the body and slow down the progression of HIV infection.

How should this medicine be used?

Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) is a prescription medication, and its use should be carefully supervised by a healthcare professional, typically a doctor experienced in the treatment of HIV or infectious diseases. The following general guidelines are provided, but individual dosages and instructions may vary based on specific circumstances. Always follow the advice and instructions given by your healthcare provider.

• Dosage: The usual adult dose for the treatment of HIV infection is one Viread 300 mg tablet once daily. For pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV transmission, the recommended dose may be different. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions.
• Administration: Viread tablets are typically taken orally with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water. Do not crush, break, or chew the tablet.
• Monitoring: Regular medical check-ups, including blood tests, are essential to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and to check for any potential side effects, especially related to kidney function and bone health.
• Missed Dose: If a dose is missed, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
• Precautions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, that you are taking. Some drugs may interact with Viread. Let your healthcare provider know if you have any pre-existing kidney or liver conditions.
• Special Populations: Dosage adjustments may be necessary for individuals with impaired kidney function. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate dose based on your kidney function.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. The use of Viread during pregnancy is a complex decision that should be made in consultation with your healthcare provider. Breastfeeding while taking Viread is generally not recommended due to the potential for transmission of the drug to the infant through breast milk.

It’s crucial to adhere to the prescribed dosage and follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations for the best outcomes. If you have any questions or concerns about the use of Viread, discuss them with your healthcare provider. They can provide personalized guidance based on your medical history and specific circumstances.

Other uses for this medicine

As of last update, Viread is not FDA-approved for uses other than the treatment of HIV and PrEP. It’s crucial to use Viread only for its approved indications under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions:

• Kidney Function Monitoring: Regular monitoring of kidney function is essential during Viread treatment. Individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions may require dosage adjustments or alternative treatments. Your healthcare provider will assess your kidney function through blood tests, including serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
• Bone Density: Long-term use of tenofovir, the active ingredient in Viread, has been associated with a decrease in bone mineral density. This may increase the risk of fractures. This is particularly important for individuals with pre-existing risk factors for bone loss. Discuss bone health concerns with your healthcare provider, and they may recommend additional measures or monitoring.
• Liver Function: Individuals with pre-existing liver conditions or hepatitis B co-infection may experience changes in liver function. Regular monitoring of liver enzymes may be necessary.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The use of Viread during pregnancy is a complex decision that should be made in consultation with your healthcare provider. Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Breastfeeding while taking Viread is generally not recommended due to the potential for transmission of the drug to the infant through breast milk.
• Immune Reconstitution Syndrome: In some HIV-infected individuals, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (including Viread) may result in an inflammatory response to previously hidden infections, known as immune reconstitution syndrome.
• Drug Interactions: Viread may interact with other medications. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, that you are taking.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor for any potential side effects or complications. If you have concerns or experience any unusual symptoms while taking Viread, contact your healthcare provider promptly. This information is not exhaustive, and specific precautions may vary based on individual health factors and circumstances.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Viread can be taken with or without food. There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with its use. However, maintaining a healthy and balanced diet is generally beneficial for overall well-being, especially for individuals living with HIV.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

• If you miss a dose of Viread, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule.
• Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
• If you are unsure about what to do or if you miss multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) may cause side effects, and it’s important to be aware of them. Keep in mind that not everyone will experience these side effects, and some individuals may experience side effects that are not listed here. If you are prescribed Viread, your healthcare provider will monitor you for potential side effects during regular check-ups. Common side effects may include:

• Kidney Effects: Tenofovir, the active ingredient in Viread, may affect kidney function. Signs of kidney problems include increased thirst, changes in urine output, swelling in the ankles or legs, and fatigue. Regular monitoring of kidney function is usually recommended.
• Bone Density Loss: Long-term use of tenofovir has been associated with a decrease in bone mineral density, potentially increasing the risk of fractures.
• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Common gastrointestinal side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and flatulence.
• Lactic Acidosis: In rare cases, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), including tenofovir, have been associated with a serious condition called lactic acidosis. Symptoms may include rapid breathing, muscle aches, and abdominal pain. This condition is rare but can be life-threatening.
• Liver Effects: Changes in liver enzymes have been reported in some individuals. Your healthcare provider may monitor liver function through blood tests.
• Immune Reconstitution Syndrome: In some HIV-infected individuals, initiation of antiretroviral therapy (including Viread) may result in an inflammatory response to previously hidden infections, known as immune reconstitution syndrome.
• Other Common Side Effects:
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
  • Trouble sleeping (insomnia)
  • Abnormal dreams

It’s important to report any unusual or severe side effects to your healthcare provider promptly. Additionally, inform your healthcare provider about any pre-existing conditions you may have, as well as all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, that you are taking. This information will help your healthcare provider assess the potential risks and benefits of Viread for your specific situation.

If you experience a medical emergency or severe side effects, seek immediate medical attention. The information provided here is not exhaustive, and individual responses to medications can vary. Your healthcare provider can offer personalized guidance based on your medical history and specific circumstances.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Viread:

• Storage:
  • Store Viread at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
  • Keep the medication in its original container, and ensure that the container is tightly closed.
  • Do not store Viread in the bathroom.
• Disposal:
  • Dispose of unused or expired medications in accordance with local regulations and guidelines.
  • Do not flush medications down the toilet unless specifically instructed to do so.
  • Check with your healthcare provider, pharmacist, or local waste disposal facility for guidance on proper disposal methods.

In case of emergency/overdose

• In case of an overdose or emergency, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately.
• Symptoms of overdose may include severe dizziness, weakness, or a feeling like you might pass out.
• If possible, bring the Viread container or any remaining medication with you to the emergency room for reference.

What other information should I know?

• Follow Healthcare Provider’s Instructions: Take Viread exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Attend all scheduled medical appointments for monitoring and follow-up.
• Regular Monitoring: Regularly monitor kidney function, bone density, and other parameters as recommended by your healthcare provider.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, that you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Discuss breastfeeding considerations with your healthcare provider, as Viread may be transmitted through breast milk.
• Adherence to Treatment: Adhere to the prescribed dosage and schedule. If you have concerns or experience difficulties with adherence, discuss them with your healthcare provider.
• Report Side Effects: Report any side effects or adverse reactions to your healthcare provider promptly.
• Regular HIV Testing: Continue routine HIV testing as recommended by your healthcare provider.

Always consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific guidance related to your individual circumstances. The information provided here is general and may not cover all possible scenarios. If you have specific questions or concerns about Viread, contact your healthcare provider for personalized advice.