WARNING

Nizoral is a brand name for the antifungal medication ketoconazole. While it is generally considered safe and effective when used as directed, there are some potential risks and side effects associated with its use. Here are the main risks of taking Nizoral:

• Allergic reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Nizoral, which can manifest as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or difficulty breathing. If you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.
• Liver damage: Nizoral can occasionally cause liver problems, including liver damage or liver failure. Symptoms of liver damage may include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, abdominal pain, or persistent nausea and fatigue. If you experience any of these symptoms, discontinue the medication and consult a healthcare professional.
• Hormonal effects: Ketoconazole, the active ingredient in Nizoral, can interfere with the production of certain hormones, including testosterone and cortisol. Prolonged use of high doses of ketoconazole may lead to hormonal imbalances, such as decreased testosterone levels, menstrual irregularities, or adrenal insufficiency. This is more likely to occur with long-term or high-dose use.
• Drug interactions: Nizoral can interact with other medications, including certain anticoagulants, statins, and medications metabolized by the liver. These interactions can affect the levels of other drugs in the body, potentially leading to increased side effects or reduced efficacy. It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Skin and scalp reactions: Some people may experience skin or scalp irritation, including redness, itching, or a burning sensation, when using Nizoral shampoo or cream. If you develop severe skin reactions, discontinue the product and seek medical advice.

It is crucial to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare professional or the product label when using Nizoral. If you have any concerns or experience any adverse effects while taking Nizoral, consult your healthcare provider for guidance. They can provide personalized advice based on your medical history and help mitigate the risks associated with the medication.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Nizoral, which contains the active ingredient ketoconazole, is primarily prescribed to treat fungal infections. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as:

• Fungal skin infections: Nizoral can be used to treat various types of fungal skin infections, including ringworm (tinea corporis), athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), and jock itch (tinea cruris). It works by inhibiting the growth of fungi and eliminating the infection.
• Fungal nail infections: In some cases, Nizoral may be used to treat fungal infections of the nails (onychomycosis), especially when oral antifungal medications are not suitable or effective.

How should this medicine be used?

It is important to note that Nizoral should only be used as prescribed by a healthcare professional. The specific dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the type and severity of the infection. Typically, Nizoral is available as oral tablet. Here are some general guidelines for using Nizoral:

• Nizoral oral tablet: If prescribed Nizoral tablets, follow the dosage instructions provided by your healthcare professional. It is typically taken once a day with a meal. Be sure to complete the full course of treatment, even if the symptoms improve before the treatment period ends.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and read the product label carefully for any specific guidance on using Nizoral. If you have any questions or concerns about how to use Nizoral, consult your healthcare professional for clarification.

Other uses for this medicine

Apart from treating fungal infections, Nizoral may also be prescribed for certain other conditions under the guidance of a healthcare professional. These off-label uses can include the treatment of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and certain types of hair loss, such as androgenetic alopecia. However, it’s important to note that the use of Nizoral for these purposes should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions, here are some important considerations when using Nizoral:

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Nizoral should be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding only if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. The medication may have the potential to harm the developing fetus or be excreted in breast milk, so it’s essential to discuss the risks and benefits with a healthcare professional.
• Liver function: Nizoral can rarely cause liver problems, so individuals with pre-existing liver disease or a history of liver damage should exercise caution. Regular liver function tests may be necessary during treatment.
• Drug interactions: Nizoral can interact with various medications, including certain anticoagulants, statins, and drugs metabolized by the liver. It’s crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Hormonal effects: As mentioned earlier, Nizoral can affect hormone levels, particularly with prolonged or high-dose use. Individuals with hormone-related conditions, such as adrenal insufficiency or hormonal imbalances, should be monitored closely during treatment.
• Skin and scalp reactions: Some individuals may experience skin or scalp reactions, such as redness, itching, or a burning sensation, when using Nizoral shampoo or cream. If these reactions become severe or persistent, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.

Always follow the instructions provided by your healthcare professional and read the product label for specific precautions associated with Nizoral. If you have any concerns or questions about using Nizoral, consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary instructions associated with Nizoral. However, it is generally recommended to take Nizoral tablets with a meal to enhance absorption and reduce the risk of gastrointestinal upset.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of Nizoral tablets, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Nizoral (ketoconazole) may cause certain side effects. Not everyone experiences these side effects, and their severity can vary. Common side effects of Nizoral include:

• Skin and scalp reactions: These can include itching, redness, irritation, or a burning sensation at the application site when using Nizoral shampoo or cream.
• Gastrointestinal effects: Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.
• Changes in taste or smell: Nizoral can occasionally alter the sense of taste or smell, leading to a metallic or unpleasant taste or a change in the perception of odors.
• Headache: Some people may experience headaches while using Nizoral.
• Hair discoloration: Nizoral shampoo, particularly if used for an extended period or in high concentrations, may cause temporary discoloration or changes in hair texture.
• Hormonal effects (rare): Nizoral, particularly at high doses or with long-term use, can interfere with hormone production and may lead to hormonal imbalances. This can manifest as decreased testosterone levels, menstrual irregularities, or adrenal insufficiency.
• Liver problems (rare): Although rare, Nizoral can cause liver damage or liver failure. Symptoms may include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, abdominal pain, or persistent nausea and fatigue. Liver problems are more likely with high doses or prolonged use.
• Allergic reactions (rare): In rare cases, Nizoral can trigger allergic reactions, which can manifest as rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or difficulty breathing. Seek medical attention immediately if you experience any allergic symptoms.

It’s important to note that this is not an exhaustive list of side effects, and other less common or rare side effects may occur. If you experience any concerning or persistent side effects while using Nizoral, it’s recommended to consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and advice.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

• Storage: Follow the storage instructions provided on the product packaging or as advised by your healthcare professional. Generally, Nizoral tablets should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
• Disposal: Dispose of Nizoral according to local regulations or guidelines. Do not flush Nizoral tablets down the toilet or pour them down the drain unless instructed to do so. Check with your local pharmacy or waste disposal facility for proper medication disposal methods.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Overdose: If you suspect an overdose of Nizoral, immediately seek medical assistance or contact your local poison control center. Symptoms of an overdose may include dizziness, fainting, irregular heartbeat, or severe nausea and vomiting.
• Missed dose: If you miss a dose of Nizoral tablets, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for the missed one.

What other information should I know?

• Regular monitoring: If you are using Nizoral tablets for an extended period, your healthcare provider may order periodic liver function tests to monitor your liver health.
• Follow instructions: Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare professional or as directed on the product label. Use Nizoral as prescribed and for the duration recommended, even if your symptoms improve before completing the course of treatment.
• Inform your healthcare provider: Inform your healthcare provider about any other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs, herbal supplements, or vitamins. This will help avoid potential drug interactions.
• Allergic reactions: If you experience an allergic reaction to Nizoral, such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.
• Consult your healthcare provider: If you have any questions, concerns, or unusual symptoms while using Nizoral, consult your healthcare provider for guidance.

Remember, the information provided here is a general overview, and it’s important to refer to the specific instructions provided by your healthcare professional or the product label for accurate and personalized information regarding the use, storage, and disposal of Nizoral.