WARNING

Alogliptin is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Like any medication, it comes with potential risks and side effects. Here are some of the risks associated with taking alogliptin:

• Hypoglycemia: Alogliptin can lower blood sugar levels. If the dose is too high or if it is taken in combination with other blood sugar-lowering medications, it can potentially lead to hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Symptoms of hypoglycemia include dizziness, confusion, sweating, and weakness.
• Pancreatitis: In rare cases, alogliptin has been associated with pancreatitis, which is inflammation of the pancreas. Symptoms of pancreatitis include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. It is important to seek immediate medical attention if these symptoms occur.
• Allergic reactions: Some individuals may have an allergic reaction to alogliptin. Signs of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling (especially of the face, tongue, or throat), severe dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Allergic reactions require immediate medical attention.
• Heart failure: Alogliptin has been associated with an increased risk of heart failure in some individuals, particularly those with a history of heart disease or kidney problems. Symptoms of heart failure include shortness of breath, swelling of the legs and feet, and fatigue.
• Joint pain: Joint pain is a potential side effect of alogliptin. Some individuals may experience joint pain or stiffness while taking the medication.
• Hypersensitivity reactions: Rarely, alogliptin can cause hypersensitivity reactions, which may include skin reactions such as rash, hives, and itching. If these symptoms occur, medical attention should be sought.

It’s important to note that these risks are not exhaustive, and individual experiences may vary. It is essential to discuss any concerns or potential risks with a healthcare professional before starting or continuing alogliptin or any other medication.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Alogliptin is prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is part of a class of medications called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. It is used in combination with diet and exercise to help control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body either does not produce enough insulin or does not effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Alogliptin works by inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme, which is responsible for breaking down a hormone called glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). By inhibiting DPP-4, alogliptin increases the levels of GLP-1, which helps stimulate the release of insulin and lowers blood sugar levels.

Alogliptin is typically used when diet and exercise alone are not enough to control blood sugar levels. It may be prescribed as a monotherapy (used alone) or in combination with other medications for diabetes, such as metformin or sulfonylureas.

How should this medicine be used?

Alogliptin should be used exactly as prescribed by a healthcare professional. It is typically taken orally, in the form of tablets, and the dosage may vary depending on individual factors such as the severity of diabetes, other medications being taken, and overall health condition. Here are some general guidelines for the use of alogliptin:

• Dosage: The recommended starting dose of alogliptin is usually 25 mg once daily. However, the dosage may be adjusted by a healthcare professional based on the individual’s response and specific needs. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and not exceed or decrease it without medical guidance.
• Timing: Alogliptin can be taken at any time of the day, with or without food. It is essential to follow the instructions provided by the healthcare professional regarding the timing of doses.
• Compliance: It is important to take alogliptin regularly and consistently as prescribed. Missing doses or irregular use may affect its effectiveness in controlling blood sugar levels.
• Combination therapy: Alogliptin may be prescribed as a monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic medications, such as metformin or sulfonylureas. If taking multiple medications, it is crucial to understand the prescribed dosages and any specific instructions for timing and administration.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of alogliptin and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan. Follow-up appointments with a healthcare professional should be scheduled as recommended.
• Precautions: It is important to inform healthcare professionals about any other medical conditions, medications (including over-the-counter and herbal supplements), or allergies, as they may interact with alogliptin or affect its suitability.

Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized dosing instructions and any specific precautions or recommendations for using alogliptin based on individual circumstances.

Other uses for this medicine

Alogliptin is primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is not approved for other uses. It is specifically indicated to help control blood sugar levels in adults with type 2 diabetes. Its effectiveness and safety in other conditions have not been established.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions, here are some important considerations for the use of alogliptin:

• Hypersensitivity: Individuals who have had a previous hypersensitivity reaction to alogliptin or any of its components should avoid using it. Allergic reactions can range from mild symptoms such as rash or itching to more severe reactions that require immediate medical attention.
• Pancreatitis: There have been rare reports of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) associated with the use of alogliptin and other DPP-4 inhibitors. Symptoms of pancreatitis include severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, nausea, and vomiting. If these symptoms occur, medical attention should be sought promptly.
• Heart failure: Alogliptin has been associated with an increased risk of heart failure, particularly in individuals with a history of heart disease or kidney problems. It is important to inform healthcare professionals about any pre-existing heart conditions or risk factors.
• Kidney function: Alogliptin is primarily eliminated from the body through the kidneys. Individuals with impaired kidney function may require dosage adjustments or alternative treatment options. It is crucial to provide accurate information about kidney function to the healthcare professional prescribing alogliptin.
• Hypoglycemia: Alogliptin, like other antidiabetic medications, can potentially cause low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). This risk may be increased when used in combination with other blood sugar-lowering medications. It is important to be aware of the symptoms of hypoglycemia and to monitor blood sugar levels regularly.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The safety of alogliptin during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established. It is essential to discuss the potential risks and benefits with a healthcare professional if planning to become pregnant, already pregnant, or breastfeeding.

These are general precautions, and individual circumstances may warrant additional considerations. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance regarding the use of alogliptin, taking into account one’s specific medical history and current health status.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary instructions that need to be followed for alogliptin. However, it is generally recommended to follow a healthy and balanced diet as advised by a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian. A healthy diet for individuals with diabetes typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and limited amounts of sugary and processed foods.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of alogliptin, follow these general guidelines:

• Timing: If you remember within a few hours of the missed dose, you can take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose, it is advisable to skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Taking a double dose to make up for the missed dose is not recommended.
• Consult your healthcare professional: If you frequently forget doses or are unsure about what to do in such situations, it is best to consult your healthcare professional. They can provide specific guidance based on your individual circumstances.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Alogliptin, like any medication, can cause side effects. Not everyone who takes alogliptin will experience side effects, and their severity and frequency can vary among individuals. Some common side effects of alogliptin include:

• Upper respiratory tract infection: Symptoms may include cough, sore throat, runny nose, and nasal congestion.
• Headache: Mild to moderate headache may occur.
• Nasopharyngitis: Inflammation of the nasal passages and throat, causing symptoms similar to the common cold.
• Allergic reactions: Although rare, allergic reactions to alogliptin can occur. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling (especially of the face, tongue, or throat), severe dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Allergic reactions require immediate medical attention.
• Hypoglycemia: Alogliptin, when used in combination with other blood sugar-lowering medications, can potentially cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Symptoms may include dizziness, confusion, sweating, weakness, and hunger.
• Pancreatitis: Although rare, there have been reports of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) associated with alogliptin use. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Immediate medical attention is necessary if these symptoms occur.
• Joint pain: Some individuals may experience joint pain or stiffness while taking alogliptin.
• Hypersensitivity reactions: Rarely, alogliptin can cause hypersensitivity reactions, which may include skin reactions such as rash, hives, and itching.

It is important to note that this list is not exhaustive, and other side effects may occur. Some side effects may be temporary and resolve on their own as your body adjusts to the medication. If you experience any bothersome or persistent side effects while taking alogliptin, it is important to inform your healthcare professional. They can evaluate your symptoms and provide guidance on the appropriate course of action.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage of alogliptin:

• Alogliptin should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
• Keep the medication in its original container or packaging to protect it from light and moisture.
• Avoid storing alogliptin in the bathroom or kitchen where humidity and temperature fluctuations can occur.
• Keep the medication out of reach of children and pets.

Disposal of alogliptin:

• Do not dispose of alogliptin in household trash or flush it down the toilet unless instructed to do so.
• Properly dispose of unused or expired medication in accordance with local regulations or guidelines.
• Consult a pharmacist or healthcare professional for guidance on proper disposal methods specific to your location.

In case of emergency/overdose

• In the case of an emergency or suspected overdose, immediately contact emergency services or a poison control center.
• It is helpful to provide them with information such as the amount of medication taken, the time of ingestion, and any symptoms experienced.

What other information should I know?

• Alogliptin is prescribed for your specific condition and should not be shared with others.
• Inform all healthcare professionals involved in your care, including dentists and surgeons, about your use of alogliptin.
• Attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor your response to the medication and discuss any concerns or side effects.
• Carry a form of identification or wear a medical alert bracelet indicating that you have diabetes and are taking alogliptin or other antidiabetic medications.
• Be aware that alogliptin is not a substitute for a healthy lifestyle. It should be used in conjunction with dietary changes, regular exercise, and other diabetes management strategies as advised by your healthcare professional.

It is important to consult your healthcare professional or pharmacist for specific instructions and guidelines related to storage, disposal, emergencies, and any other information specific to your individual circumstances and location.