Why is this medication prescribed?

Dolutegravir is primarily prescribed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in adults and children aged 6 years and older. HIV-1 is the most common and aggressive strain of the HIV virus, which can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if left untreated.

Dolutegravir belongs to a class of drugs called integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). It works by inhibiting the integrase enzyme, which is essential for the replication of the HIV virus. By blocking this enzyme, dolutegravir prevents the integration of the viral DNA into the DNA of human immune cells. This action helps reduce the viral load in the body and slows down the progression of HIV infection.

When used as part of a comprehensive HIV treatment plan, dolutegravir is typically prescribed in combination with other antiretroviral medications. This combination therapy is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) or antiretroviral therapy (ART). The goal of HIV treatment is to suppress the viral replication, preserve immune function, and improve overall health outcomes for individuals living with HIV.

How should this medicine be used?

Dolutegravir is available in different forms, including tablets and oral granules for suspension. The specific dosage and administration instructions may vary depending on individual factors such as the patient’s age, weight, previous treatment history, and potential drug interactions. It is important to follow the prescribed regimen exactly as directed by the healthcare provider. Here are some general guidelines for the use of dolutegravir:

• Take dolutegravir exactly as prescribed: Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the information on the prescription label. Do not take more or less of the medication or take it for a longer or shorter duration than recommended.
• Combination therapy: Dolutegravir is typically used in combination with other antiretroviral medications to form a complete HIV treatment regimen. It is important to take all the prescribed medications as instructed by your healthcare provider.
• Administration: Dolutegravir tablets should be swallowed whole with water. They can be taken with or without food. Do not crush, break, or chew the tablets unless specifically instructed to do so.
• Oral granules for suspension: If you are prescribed dolutegravir oral granules, follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider. Typically, the granules need to be mixed with a small amount of liquid, such as water or milk, and then consumed immediately after mixing. It is important to carefully measure the prescribed dose using the provided dosing spoon or oral syringe.
• Adherence: It is crucial to take dolutegravir as prescribed and adhere to the recommended dosing schedule. Skipping doses or not taking the medication consistently can reduce its effectiveness and increase the risk of developing drug resistance.
• Regular medical monitoring: While using dolutegravir, regular medical check-ups and laboratory tests may be necessary to monitor your response to treatment, assess the viral load, and evaluate any potential side effects.

It’s important to note that the above information is a general guideline, and individualized instructions may differ. Always consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific instructions regarding the use of dolutegravir based on your unique circumstances. They can provide you with the most accurate and up-to-date information for your treatment plan.

Other uses for this medicine

Dolutegravir is primarily used for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, but it may have some off-label or investigational uses. Off-label use refers to the use of a medication for a purpose other than its approved indication. However, it’s important to note that off-label use should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional. The off-label uses of dolutegravir are determined on a case-by-case basis, and your healthcare provider can provide specific information if they consider it appropriate for your situation.

What special precautions should I follow?

As for special precautions, here are some important considerations when using dolutegravir:

• Allergies: Inform your healthcare provider if you have any known allergies or hypersensitivity to dolutegravir or any other medications. This includes allergic reactions such as rash, hives, itching, or swelling.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, it is important to discuss the risks and benefits of using dolutegravir with your healthcare provider. Dolutegravir can be used during pregnancy, but the decision should be made after careful consideration of the individual circumstances.
• Drug interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements. Dolutegravir can interact with certain medications, potentially affecting their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.
• Pre-existing medical conditions: Disclose your complete medical history, including any pre-existing conditions or illnesses. Certain medical conditions may require special monitoring or dosage adjustments when using dolutegravir.
• Side effects: Dolutegravir may cause side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common side effects may include headache, insomnia, nausea, diarrhea, and dizziness. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience any severe or persistent side effects.
• Adherence and resistance: It is important to take dolutegravir as prescribed and adhere to the recommended dosing schedule. Skipping doses or not taking the medication consistently can reduce its effectiveness and increase the risk of developing drug resistance.
• Regular monitoring: Your healthcare provider may conduct regular medical check-ups and laboratory tests to monitor your response to treatment, assess the viral load, and evaluate any potential side effects.

It’s essential to follow the specific precautions provided by your healthcare provider. They can provide you with personalized guidance based on your medical history, current medications, and individual needs.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Dolutegravir is an antiretroviral medication used for the treatment of HIV infection. While it does not have specific dietary restrictions, it is generally recommended to take dolutegravir with or without food. You can take it with a meal or on an empty stomach, whichever is more convenient for you. However, certain medications, supplements, or food may interact with dolutegravir, so it’s important to discuss your complete medication and dietary history with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of dolutegravir, it is generally advised to take the missed dose as soon as you remember it, unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, it’s best to skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Dolutegravir, like any medication, can cause side effects. Not everyone experiences these side effects, and their severity can vary from person to person. It’s important to discuss any concerns or potential side effects with your healthcare provider. Here are some of the common side effects associated with Dolutegravir:

• Gastrointestinal effects: These can include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. These symptoms are usually mild and temporary, but if they persist or worsen, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider.
• Insomnia: Some individuals may experience difficulty sleeping or insomnia while taking Dolutegravir. It’s recommended to take the medication earlier in the day to minimize the impact on sleep.
• Dizziness: Dolutegravir can cause dizziness in some people. It’s important to be cautious when performing activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery.
• Headache: Headaches are a possible side effect of Dolutegravir, but they are generally mild and temporary.
• Fatigue: Feeling tired or experiencing fatigue can occur while taking Dolutegravir. It’s essential to get adequate rest and inform your healthcare provider if the fatigue becomes severe or persistent.
• Rash: Although rare, some individuals may develop a skin rash while taking Dolutegravir. It’s important to seek medical attention if you notice a rash or any signs of an allergic reaction, such as itching, hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
• Changes in liver function: In some cases, Dolutegravir can cause changes in liver function tests. Regular monitoring of liver function is typically recommended during treatment.

These are not all the possible side effects of Dolutegravir. Some individuals may experience other side effects, and there may be rare or more severe reactions that are not listed here. If you experience any unusual or persistent symptoms while taking Dolutegravir, it’s important to contact your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance. They can provide you with more specific information about the potential side effects of Dolutegravir based on your individual health profile.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

When it comes to the storage and disposal of Dolutegravir, here are some important points to keep in mind:

• Storage: Store Dolutegravir at room temperature, typically between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). It is important to keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed, and away from excessive heat, moisture, and light. Avoid storing it in the bathroom or kitchen where humidity and temperature fluctuations can occur.
• Disposal: Properly dispose of any unused or expired Dolutegravir. Do not flush it down the toilet or pour it down the drain unless instructed to do so by specific disposal instructions or local guidelines. Instead, consult your healthcare provider, pharmacist, or local waste disposal authority for appropriate disposal methods. They can provide guidance on how to safely dispose of the medication.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of an emergency or suspected overdose, call your local emergency services immediately (e.g., 911 in the United States) or go to the nearest emergency room. It is important to bring the medication container or packaging with you to help healthcare professionals understand what you have taken. If possible, inform them about the specific details of the medication, dosage, and timing.

What other information should I know?

• Dolutegravir is a prescription medication, and you should only take it under the guidance of a healthcare professional who can provide appropriate monitoring and dosing instructions.
• Inform your healthcare provider about any other medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking, as they may interact with Dolutegravir.
• Be aware of potential side effects associated with Dolutegravir and report any unusual or severe symptoms to your healthcare provider.
• Stick to your prescribed dosing schedule and avoid missing doses whenever possible.
• Regularly visit your healthcare provider for follow-up appointments and monitoring to ensure the effectiveness and safety of your treatment.

Remember, the information provided here is a general overview, and it’s important to consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific instructions and guidance regarding the storage, disposal, and emergency procedures for Dolutegravir based on your individual circumstances.