WARNING

Isoniazid (INH) is an antibiotic commonly used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). While it is an effective medication, there are some risks associated with taking INH. Here are the key risks to be aware of:

• Liver toxicity: One of the main concerns with INH is its potential to cause liver damage. Some individuals may develop hepatitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the liver. Regular monitoring of liver function is usually recommended during INH treatment to detect any signs of liver toxicity.
• Peripheral neuropathy: INH can occasionally cause nerve damage, resulting in peripheral neuropathy. Symptoms may include numbness, tingling, or a burning sensation in the hands or feet. To minimize this risk, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is often prescribed alongside INH to prevent or mitigate neuropathy.
• Drug interactions: INH can interact with other medications, leading to potentially harmful effects. It can affect the metabolism of certain drugs, such as anticonvulsants and antiretrovirals, altering their effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking to avoid such interactions.
• Allergic reactions: Like any medication, INH carries a risk of allergic reactions in some individuals. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. If you experience any allergic reactions while taking INH, seek medical attention immediately.
• Other side effects: INH can cause various other side effects, although they are generally less common. These may include gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, headache, and visual disturbances.

It’s important to note that while these risks exist, they should be balanced against the benefits of treating tuberculosis, a serious infectious disease. If you have concerns about taking INH, it is best to discuss them with your healthcare provider who can provide personalized guidance based on your specific situation.

Why is this medication prescribed?

INH (Isoniazid) is a medication primarily prescribed for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). It is one of the most effective and commonly used drugs in TB treatment regimens. Here’s why it is prescribed:

• Tuberculosis: INH is a key component of the standard treatment for both latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis disease. It works by inhibiting the growth of the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI): INH is often prescribed to individuals who have been infected with tuberculosis but do not show any active symptoms of the disease. It is used to prevent the latent infection from progressing to active tuberculosis.
• Active Tuberculosis Disease: INH is also used as part of a combination therapy to treat active tuberculosis. It is typically administered along with other anti-TB medications to effectively kill the bacteria and cure the disease.

How should this medicine be used?

When it comes to the usage of INH, it is important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider. However, here are some general guidelines:

• Dosage: The specific dosage of INH can vary depending on factors such as the patient’s age, weight, and the condition being treated. Typical dosages range from 300 to 900 mg per day.
• Duration: The duration of INH treatment can also vary depending on the specific situation. For LTBI, the usual course of treatment is 6 to 9 months. For active tuberculosis, the treatment duration is generally longer, typically lasting 6 to 9 months or more.
• Administration: INH is usually taken orally as a tablet or capsule. It is typically taken once daily, preferably on an empty stomach or at least one hour before or two hours after meals.
• Compliance: It is crucial to complete the full course of INH treatment as prescribed, even if you start feeling better. Skipping doses or stopping the medication prematurely can lead to the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis or a relapse of the infection.
• Combination Therapy: INH is often prescribed along with other anti-TB medications to form a combination therapy. This combination helps prevent the development of drug resistance and increases the effectiveness of treatment.

It is important to consult with a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or a specialist in infectious diseases, who can provide you with specific instructions and closely monitor your treatment progress.

Other uses for this medicine

INH (Isoniazid) is primarily used as an antibiotic medication for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). However, it may have some off-label uses as determined by a healthcare professional. Here are a few examples of potential off-label uses for INH:

• Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI): INH is commonly prescribed as a preventive treatment for individuals who have been exposed to tuberculosis but do not have active TB disease.
• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections: INH can be used in combination with other medications for the treatment of MAC infections, which are caused by certain types of bacteria.
• Atypical mycobacterial infections: INH may be used as part of a combination therapy for the treatment of infections caused by atypical mycobacteria, which are different from the bacteria that cause tuberculosis.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions that you should follow when taking INH include:

• Inform your healthcare provider about any medical conditions you have, especially liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, seizures, or a history of mental health disorders.
• Inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are currently taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some medications may interact with INH and require adjustment of dosages.
• Regular monitoring of liver function is essential during INH treatment, as it can rarely cause liver damage. Report any signs of jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, persistent nausea, or abdominal pain to your healthcare provider immediately.
• INH may cause peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage) in some individuals. If you experience symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands or feet, notify your healthcare provider.

It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional or doctor for specific guidance and instructions regarding the use of INH or any other medication. They will be able to provide personalized advice based on your medical history and individual circumstances.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Regarding dietary instructions for INH, there are no specific dietary restrictions associated with the medication. However, it is generally advisable to follow a healthy and balanced diet while taking any medication. You should consult your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian for personalized dietary advice based on your individual needs and medical condition.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of INH, here are the general steps you should follow:

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
• If you have any concerns or questions about missed doses, it’s best to consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific advice based on your situation.

What side effects can this medication cause?

As for the side effects of INH (Isoniazid), it can cause both common and rare side effects. Common side effects may include:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Fatigue or weakness
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet
• Joint pain
• Rash or itching of the skin

These side effects are usually mild and resolve on their own. However, if any of these side effects persist or become severe, it is recommended to inform your healthcare provider.

Rare but potentially serious side effects of INH may include:

• Liver problems: INH can cause liver damage in some individuals. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, persistent nausea, abdominal pain, or unexplained fatigue.
• Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions to INH are rare but possible. If you develop symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical assistance.
• Peripheral neuropathy: INH can occasionally cause nerve damage, resulting in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands or feet. Notify your healthcare provider if you experience any of these symptoms.

It’s important to remember that this is not a comprehensive list of side effects. If you have any concerns or experience any unusual or severe side effects while taking INH, it’s crucial to consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

When it comes to storage and disposal of INH, here are some important points to keep in mind:

Storage of INH:

• Keep the medication in its original container with the lid tightly closed.
• Store INH at room temperature, away from direct sunlight, moisture, and heat.
• Do not store it in the bathroom or near the kitchen sink where it could be exposed to moisture.

Disposal of INH:

• Do not dispose of INH by flushing it down the toilet or pouring it down the drain unless instructed to do so by your healthcare provider or local guidelines.
• Follow any specific disposal instructions provided by your healthcare provider, pharmacist, or local waste management authority.
• If you are unsure about the proper disposal method, consult a healthcare professional or pharmacist.

In case of emergency/overdose

• If you suspect an overdose or encounter any severe symptoms, call emergency services (e.g., 911) immediately.
• If the person is conscious, alert, and able to swallow, you can contact a poison control center at once for guidance. In the United States, the national poison control hotline is 1-800-222-1222.
• Provide the emergency responders or poison control center with as much information as possible, including the amount of INH taken, the time of ingestion, and the person’s age, weight, and current condition.

What other information should I know?

• Take INH exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not modify the dosage or stop taking it without consulting your doctor.
• It is important to complete the full course of treatment with INH, even if you start feeling better before finishing.
• INH can interact with other medications, so inform your healthcare provider about all the medicines you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Let your healthcare provider know if you have any liver disease or a history of alcohol abuse, as INH may affect liver function.
• Report any adverse effects or concerns to your healthcare provider promptly.

Remember, this information is meant to provide a general overview. It’s important to consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific instructions and guidance regarding the storage, disposal, and emergency procedures for INH based on your individual circumstances.