WARNING

Indinavir is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called protease inhibitors, which are commonly used in the treatment of HIV infection. While Indinavir can be effective in managing HIV, it also carries certain risks and potential side effects. Here are some of the main risks associated with taking Indinavir:

• Drug Interactions: Indinavir can interact with other medications, including over-the-counter drugs, prescription medications, and herbal supplements. These interactions can affect the effectiveness of Indinavir or the other drugs, leading to potential complications or reduced efficacy.
• Kidney Stones: Indinavir has been associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones. This risk is higher in individuals who do not drink enough fluids while taking the medication. Kidney stones can cause severe pain and require medical intervention.
• Gastrointestinal Side Effects: Common side effects of Indinavir include nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. These symptoms can be mild to moderate in intensity but may occasionally be severe.
• Metabolic Changes: Indinavir, like other HIV medications, can lead to metabolic changes in the body. These changes may include elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, insulin resistance, and redistribution of body fat (lipodystrophy).
• Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Indinavir, characterized by symptoms such as rash, itching, fever, or swelling of the face, lips, or tongue. If any signs of an allergic reaction occur, medical attention should be sought immediately.
• Liver Problems: Indinavir can cause liver damage in rare cases. Monitoring liver function is important during treatment, and individuals with pre-existing liver conditions may require closer monitoring.

It’s crucial to note that the risks associated with Indinavir should be weighed against the potential benefits of the medication. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional who can assess your individual circumstances and guide you on the appropriate use of Indinavir or any other medications.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Indinavir is prescribed for the treatment of HIV infection. It is a type of medication called a protease inhibitor, which works by inhibiting the activity of the HIV protease enzyme. This enzyme is necessary for the replication of the HIV virus within human cells.

By inhibiting the protease enzyme, Indinavir helps to prevent the production of mature, infectious HIV particles. This can reduce the amount of HIV in the body, known as the viral load, and slow down the progression of HIV infection.

Indinavir is typically used as part of a combination therapy regimen for HIV treatment. It is often prescribed in combination with other antiretroviral medications from different drug classes, such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). This multidrug approach is aimed at maximizing the effectiveness of treatment, reducing the risk of drug resistance, and improving long-term outcomes for individuals living with HIV.

How should this medicine be used?

However, here are some general guidelines on how Indinavir is commonly used:

• Dosage: The dosage of Indinavir may vary depending on factors such as the specific formulation of the medication, individual patient characteristics, and the presence of other medications. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage instructions provided by your healthcare provider.
• Frequency: Indinavir is usually taken orally and is commonly prescribed to be taken every 8 hours. It is important to adhere to the recommended dosing schedule and not skip or alter doses without consulting your healthcare provider.
• Food intake: Indinavir needs to be taken on an empty stomach. It should be taken 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal, as food can significantly affect the absorption of the medication. It is recommended to drink plenty of fluids (preferably water) throughout the day to avoid the formation of kidney stones, a potential side effect associated with Indinavir use.
• Combination therapy: Indinavir is typically used in combination with other antiretroviral medications as part of a multidrug regimen for the treatment of HIV. The specific combination of medications will depend on factors such as the individual’s HIV viral load, CD4 cell count, and treatment history. Combination therapy is important to maximize the effectiveness of HIV treatment and minimize the development of drug resistance.
• Adherence: It is crucial to take Indinavir and all other HIV medications exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen is essential for maintaining viral suppression and preventing the progression of HIV infection.

It is important to note that Indinavir may have various side effects and drug interactions. It is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional or pharmacist for detailed instructions, information about potential side effects, and guidance on the safe and appropriate use of Indinavir in your specific case.

Other uses for this medicine

Indinavir is primarily used for the treatment of HIV infection and is not commonly prescribed for other medical conditions. It works by inhibiting the protease enzyme, which is necessary for the replication of the HIV virus.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions when taking Indinavir, here are some important considerations:

• Drug Interactions: Indinavir can interact with a wide range of medications, including other HIV drugs, antibiotics, antifungal agents, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and many more. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all the medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Food and Fluid Intake: Indinavir should be taken on an empty stomach, preferably 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal. Taking it with food, especially high-fat meals, can significantly reduce its absorption. It is important to drink at least 1.5 liters (48 ounces) of fluids daily to minimize the risk of kidney stone formation.
• Kidney Function: Indinavir is primarily eliminated through the kidneys. It is essential to monitor kidney function regularly, especially if you have a history of kidney problems. Adequate hydration is crucial to reduce the risk of kidney stones.
• Allergic Reactions: Inform your healthcare provider about any known allergies or previous allergic reactions to Indinavir or other medications. Allergic reactions can be serious and require immediate medical attention.
• Liver Function: Indinavir can cause liver enzyme elevations and liver damage in rare cases. Regular monitoring of liver function is necessary, particularly for individuals with pre-existing liver conditions.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Indinavir is classified as a Pregnancy Category C drug. It should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. The use of Indinavir during breastfeeding is not recommended due to the potential risk of transmitting the drug to the infant through breast milk.

These precautions highlight the importance of close monitoring and communication with your healthcare provider when taking Indinavir. They can provide personalized advice based on your specific medical history and circumstances.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Here are the special dietary instructions you should follow:

• Take Indinavir on an empty stomach: It is recommended to take Indinavir at least one hour before or two hours after a meal. Taking it with food, especially high-fat meals, can decrease its absorption in the body.
• Drink plenty of water: It is crucial to stay well hydrated while taking Indinavir. You should drink at least 48 ounces (1.5 liters) of water per day to prevent the formation of kidney stones, a potential side effect of Indinavir.
• Avoid certain beverages: To prevent dehydration and minimize the risk of kidney stone formation, avoid beverages such as grapefruit juice, orange juice, and other acidic juices while taking Indinavir. Instead, opt for water, herbal tea, or other non-acidic drinks.
• Maintain a balanced diet: While no specific dietary restrictions are required, it’s generally advisable to maintain a healthy, balanced diet. Include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products in your meals.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of Indinavir, follow these steps:

• If you remember within 2 hours of the scheduled time, take the missed dose immediately.
• If it is more than 2 hours since the missed dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
• It’s important to maintain a consistent dosing schedule to ensure the effectiveness of Indinavir. Try to avoid missing doses, but if it happens occasionally, consult your healthcare provider for further guidance.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Like any medication, it can have potential side effects. Here are some common side effects associated with indinavir:

• Gastrointestinal Issues: Indinavir commonly causes gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. These symptoms may be mild to moderate in intensity and can usually be managed with supportive measures or dose adjustments.
• Kidney Stones: Indinavir has been associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones, particularly in patients who do not maintain adequate hydration. Kidney stones can cause severe pain in the abdomen, back, or side, and may require medical intervention.
• Metabolic Changes: Indinavir can affect the body’s metabolism, leading to elevated levels of blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) and blood sugar. Regular monitoring of these parameters is necessary, especially in individuals with pre-existing metabolic conditions.
• Skin Rash: Some individuals may develop skin rashes while taking indinavir. These rashes can range from mild to severe and may be accompanied by itching or blistering. It is essential to report any skin changes to a healthcare professional for proper evaluation.
• Hematologic Abnormalities: Indinavir can cause changes in blood cell counts, including decreases in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor these changes and adjust treatment if needed.
• Liver Function Abnormalities: In rare cases, indinavir can affect liver function, leading to elevated liver enzyme levels. Regular liver function tests are recommended to monitor any potential liver-related side effects.
• Fat Redistribution: Long-term use of indinavir, along with other antiretroviral medications, has been associated with fat redistribution in the body. This can lead to changes in fat distribution, such as increased fat accumulation in the abdomen, breasts, or back of the neck, and decreased fat in the arms, legs, or face.

It’s important to note that not everyone experiences these side effects, and some individuals may have different reactions to the medication. If you are taking indinavir and experiencing any side effects, it is crucial to discuss them with your healthcare provider for proper evaluation and guidance.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Indinavir:

• Indinavir should be stored at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
• Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed.
• Do not store indinavir in the bathroom or any area with high humidity, as moisture can affect its stability.
• Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not use indinavir beyond its expiration date. If expired or no longer needed, dispose of it properly.

In case of emergency/overdose

• If you suspect an overdose or experience severe symptoms after taking indinavir, seek immediate medical assistance or contact a poison control center.
• Call emergency services or go to the nearest emergency room.
• It may be helpful to have the medication bottle or container with you to provide information to healthcare professionals.

What other information should I know?

• Indinavir is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV infection. It works by inhibiting the replication of the virus.
• It is important to take indinavir exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not alter the dosage or stop taking it without consulting your doctor.
• Indinavir should be taken with water on an empty stomach, preferably 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.
• It is often prescribed in combination with other antiretroviral drugs as part of a comprehensive HIV treatment regimen.
• Indinavir does not cure HIV infection but helps control the virus, reduce its impact on the immune system, and prevent the progression of the disease.
• It is crucial to follow up with your healthcare provider regularly for monitoring, including laboratory tests to assess the effectiveness of the medication and manage any potential side effects.
• Inform your healthcare provider about all other medications, supplements, or herbal products you are taking, as certain drugs may interact with indinavir and affect its efficacy or increase the risk of side effects.
• Practice safe sex and take necessary precautions to prevent the transmission of HIV to others, even while on indinavir.
• If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.

Remember, this information serves as a general guide, and it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific instructions, as they have access to your complete medical history and can provide personalized advice regarding the storage, disposal, and usage of indinavir.