Why is this medication prescribed?

Iloprost is primarily prescribed for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is a condition characterized by high blood pressure in the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs. It is a progressive disease that can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and fainting. Iloprost belongs to a class of medications called prostacyclins, which work by dilating and relaxing the blood vessels in the lungs. This helps to reduce the resistance to blood flow and improve blood circulation. By doing so, Iloprost can alleviate symptoms, improve exercise capacity, and slow down the progression of PAH.

How should this medicine be used?

Iloprost can be used in different forms, including inhalation, intravenous (IV) infusion, or subcutaneous (under the skin) infusion. The specific form and dosing regimen of Iloprost will be determined by your healthcare provider based on your individual condition and needs. Here are the general guidelines for each form:

• Inhalation: Iloprost inhalation is typically administered using a nebulizer device. The medication is inhaled into the lungs either through a face mask or a mouthpiece. The recommended dosage is usually 2.5 to 5 micrograms, inhaled six to nine times per day. Your healthcare provider will provide specific instructions on how to use the inhalation solution and the appropriate frequency and duration of treatment.
• Intravenous (IV) infusion: When Iloprost is administered intravenously, it is usually done in a healthcare setting under the supervision of a healthcare professional. The dosage and infusion rate will be determined by your doctor. Typically, the medication is infused continuously or intermittently over a period of time.
• Subcutaneous infusion: In some cases, Iloprost may be administered as a subcutaneous infusion. This involves placing a small needle or catheter under the skin to deliver the medication. The dosage and infusion rate will be determined by your doctor, and the infusion may be continuous or intermittent.

It is important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully when using Iloprost. Do not adjust the dosage or stop the medication without consulting your doctor, as sudden changes may have adverse effects on your condition. If you have any questions or concerns about the use of Iloprost or how to administer it, it is best to discuss them with your healthcare provider.

Other uses for this medicine

In addition to its primary use in treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), Iloprost may also be prescribed for other conditions or situations. These can include:

• Raynaud’s phenomenon: Iloprost can be used to manage severe symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon, a condition characterized by vasospasms in the fingers, toes, and other extremities.
• Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease): Iloprost may be used as a treatment option for this rare inflammatory condition that affects the blood vessels in the hands and feet.
• Scleroderma-related digital ulcers: Iloprost can help promote healing and prevent new ulcers in individuals with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) who have developed digital ulcers.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding precautions, here are some important considerations for the use of Iloprost:

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Iloprost should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.
• Drug interactions: Inform your doctor about all the medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking, as Iloprost may interact with certain drugs, such as anticoagulants (blood thinners) and vasodilators.
• Cardiovascular conditions: If you have certain heart or cardiovascular conditions, such as severe coronary artery disease, heart failure, or low blood pressure, Iloprost should be used with caution and under close medical supervision.
• Bleeding disorders: Iloprost may increase the risk of bleeding. If you have a bleeding disorder or are taking medications that affect blood clotting, inform your healthcare provider.
• Respiratory conditions: Patients with asthma or other significant respiratory diseases may experience bronchospasms or other respiratory side effects with Iloprost inhalation. Close monitoring is necessary in these cases.

These are general precautions, and it’s important to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice and to discuss any specific medical conditions or concerns you may have before using Iloprost.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with the use of Iloprost. However, it is always important to maintain a healthy and balanced diet as advised by your healthcare provider. A nutritious diet can support overall cardiovascular health and complement the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

What should I do if I forget a dose?

Regarding a missed dose of Iloprost, it is crucial to follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider. If you happen to miss a dose, here are some general guidelines:

• Inhalation: If you miss an inhalation dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
• Intravenous (IV) infusion or subcutaneous infusion: Since these forms of Iloprost are typically administered in a healthcare setting under the supervision of a healthcare professional, it is less likely that you will miss a dose. However, if for any reason a scheduled dose is missed, your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate course of action, which may involve adjusting the timing of the subsequent doses.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Like any medication, iloprost may also have potential side effects. It’s important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and their severity can vary from person to person. Common side effects of iloprost may include:

• Flushing: This refers to a temporary redness or warmth of the skin, usually affecting the face and upper body.
• Headache: Some individuals may experience mild to moderate headaches while taking iloprost.
• Nausea and vomiting: These gastrointestinal symptoms can occur, but they are generally mild and transient.
• Dizziness or lightheadedness: Iloprost may cause a temporary feeling of dizziness or lightheadedness.
• Jaw pain: Some individuals may experience jaw pain while using iloprost, particularly during the first few days of treatment.
• Diarrhea: In some cases, iloprost can cause loose stools or diarrhea.
• Flulike symptoms: This may include fever, chills, body aches, and fatigue.
• Hypotension: Iloprost can lower blood pressure, which may result in symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, or feeling weak.
• Injection site reactions: If iloprost is administered through an injection, there may be local reactions at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, or pain.

It’s important to promptly report any side effects you experience to your healthcare provider. They can provide guidance on managing these side effects or adjusting your medication if necessary. Additionally, keep in mind that this list is not exhaustive, and other rare or severe side effects may occur. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and information.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

• Storage: Follow the storage instructions provided by your healthcare provider or as indicated on the medication packaging. Typically, iloprost should be stored at room temperature, away from excessive heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep it out of the reach of children and pets.
• Disposal: Properly dispose of any unused or expired iloprost. Do not flush it down the toilet or pour it into drains unless instructed to do so. Contact your local pharmacy or healthcare facility to inquire about medication disposal programs in your area. They can guide you on the safe and environmentally friendly methods of disposal.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of an emergency or suspected overdose with iloprost, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Contact your local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency room. When you seek medical help, it is helpful to bring the medication packaging or any relevant information about the medication.

What other information should I know?

• Drug interactions: Inform your healthcare provider about all the medications, supplements, and herbal products you are currently taking. Certain medications may interact with iloprost, potentially affecting its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.
• Special precautions: Inform your healthcare provider about any medical conditions you have, especially if you have liver or kidney problems, bleeding disorders, low blood pressure, or a history of heart disease.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: It is important to discuss the risks and benefits of using iloprost if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Your healthcare provider can provide guidance on the safest approach in these situations.
• Administration: Iloprost can be administered through various methods, including inhalation, intravenous infusion, or subcutaneous infusion. It is crucial to follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider regarding the correct administration technique.
• Regular monitoring: Your healthcare provider will likely monitor your response to iloprost and may perform regular tests to assess its effectiveness and check for any potential side effects.

Remember, the information provided here is a general overview. It is important to consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for specific instructions and personalized advice regarding the storage, disposal, and usage of iloprost based on your individual circumstances.