WARNING

Isoniazid can damage the liver severely and perhaps kill you. Inform your doctor if you are now using or have ever used injectable street drugs, have liver illness or have consumed substantial amounts of alcohol. Make a quick call to your doctor if you encounter any of the following signs: Symptoms of the flu-like illness include extreme fatigue, weakness, lack of energy, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, dark yellow or brown urine, yellowing of the skin or eyes, discomfort in the upper right area of the stomach, and other similar symptoms.

Maintain all scheduled times with your physician and the lab. To monitor your Isoniazid reaction, your doctor will request a number of lab tests.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Isoniazid is an antibiotic medication primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) infections. It is often prescribed as part of a combination therapy to effectively treat active TB or to prevent the development of TB in individuals who have been exposed to the disease.

When prescribed for TB treatment, isoniazid is typically used in combination with other medications, such as rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. This combination of drugs helps to kill the bacteria causing the infection and prevent the development of drug resistance.

The specific dosage and duration of treatment with isoniazid will depend on various factors, including the individual’s age, weight, overall health, and the severity of the infection. It is important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare professional or the prescribing doctor regarding the dosage and duration of treatment.

How should this medicine be used?

Isoniazid is typically taken orally as a tablet or capsule. The specific instructions for how to use isoniazid may vary depending on the individual’s condition and the prescribing doctor’s recommendations. It is crucial to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare professional or the medication label. Here are some general guidelines:

• Dosage: The dosage of isoniazid will depend on factors such as the individual’s age, weight, and the severity of the infection. The prescribing doctor will determine the appropriate dosage for you.
• Administration: Isoniazid is usually taken once daily, either on an empty stomach or with food. However, it’s important to follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare professional. If you experience stomach upset when taking isoniazid on an empty stomach, you may be advised to take it with food.
• Duration of treatment: The duration of isoniazid treatment will vary depending on the specific situation. For active tuberculosis, treatment typically lasts for several months, usually 6 to 9 months or longer. For preventive therapy of latent TB infection, treatment duration can range from 6 to 9 months. It is crucial to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if you start feeling better before completion.

Other uses for this medicine

While isoniazid is primarily used for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB), it may also be used in some cases for other purposes as determined by a healthcare professional. Here are a few examples of other potential uses of isoniazid:

• Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) prophylaxis: Isoniazid is commonly prescribed to individuals who have been exposed to TB but do not have active disease. It is used as preventive therapy to reduce the risk of developing active TB.
• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections: Isoniazid, along with other antimicrobial agents, may be used in the treatment of certain non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, such as those caused by Mycobacterium avium complex.
• Prophylaxis for close contacts of active TB cases: People who have been in close contact with individuals diagnosed with active TB may receive isoniazid as a preventive measure to reduce the risk of infection.

It’s important to note that the use of isoniazid for these purposes may vary depending on factors such as local guidelines, the individual’s specific condition, and the healthcare professional’s assessment.

What special precautions should I follow?

Regarding special precautions for isoniazid use, here are some important considerations:

• Allergies: Inform your doctor if you have a known allergy to isoniazid or any other medications. Allergic reactions to isoniazid are rare but can occur.
• Liver disease: Isoniazid can affect liver function, so it’s essential to inform your doctor if you have a history of liver disease or if you are currently experiencing any liver problems. Regular monitoring of liver function may be necessary during treatment.
• Peripheral neuropathy: Isoniazid can cause peripheral neuropathy, a condition characterized by numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands or feet. To reduce the risk, your doctor may prescribe pyridoxine (vitamin B6) along with isoniazid.
• Alcohol consumption: It is generally recommended to avoid or minimize alcohol consumption while taking isoniazid since it can increase the risk of liver damage.
• Drug interactions: Isoniazid can interact with other medications, including certain anticonvulsants, antiretrovirals, and some psychiatric medications. Inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss the potential risks and benefits of using isoniazid with your healthcare professional.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Isoniazid is an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and as a preventive measure for individuals at high risk of developing TB. While there are no specific dietary restrictions associated with isoniazid, it’s important to be aware of a few considerations regarding its use:

• Empty Stomach: Isoniazid is usually taken on an empty stomach, which means you should take it at least one hour before or two hours after meals. This helps optimize its absorption and effectiveness.
• Alcohol Consumption: It is generally recommended to avoid alcohol while taking isoniazid. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage, and isoniazid itself can potentially cause liver toxicity. Combining the two may increase this risk.
• Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Supplementation: Long-term use of isoniazid may lead to a deficiency in vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) in some individuals. This can cause peripheral neuropathy (tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands or feet). To prevent this, your healthcare provider may recommend vitamin B6 supplementation while you are on isoniazid.

It’s important to note that these guidelines may vary based on individual factors and the specific instructions given by your healthcare provider. Always follow their advice and consult them if you have any concerns or questions about your medication or dietary restrictions.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of isoniazid, it is generally recommended to take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose, it’s best to skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Taking a double dose to make up for a missed dose is not recommended, as it can increase the risk of side effects.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Isoniazid, like any medication, can cause side effects. Not everyone will experience these side effects, and their severity can vary from person to person. It’s important to note that the majority of people taking isoniazid do not experience serious side effects. However, it’s still important to be aware of potential side effects and to consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns. Common side effects of isoniazid include:

• Nausea and vomiting: This is one of the most common side effects. Taking the medication with food or a snack can help alleviate these symptoms. If persistent or severe, inform your healthcare provider.
• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet: This is known as peripheral neuropathy and is a potential side effect of long-term use or higher doses of isoniazid. Your healthcare provider may prescribe vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to help prevent or minimize this side effect.
• Liver problems: Isoniazid can occasionally cause liver damage, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver conditions. Symptoms of liver problems may include yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice), dark urine, abdominal pain, or persistent nausea and vomiting. It’s important to report any of these symptoms to your healthcare provider immediately.
• Allergic reactions: Although rare, allergic reactions to isoniazid can occur. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, or difficulty breathing.
• Other side effects: Additional less common side effects may include fever, headache, muscle or joint pain, changes in vision, mood changes, and anemia. If you experience any unusual or bothersome symptoms, it’s important to inform your healthcare provider.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Isoniazid is an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB). When it comes to the storage and disposal of isoniazid, here are some important points to keep in mind:

Storage:

• Follow the storage instructions provided by the manufacturer or your healthcare provider.
• Typically, isoniazid should be stored at room temperature, away from direct light, moisture, and heat.
• Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not store isoniazid in the bathroom or kitchen, where it might be exposed to moisture.

Disposal:

• Do not dispose of isoniazid or any medication in the regular trash unless specifically instructed to do so.
• Check with your local pharmacy, healthcare provider, or waste disposal agency for guidelines on how to dispose of isoniazid safely.
• Some communities have drug take-back programs or special collection sites where you can drop off unused or expired medications.
• If there are no specific disposal instructions available, you can mix the unused medication with an undesirable substance like dirt, coffee grounds, or cat litter. Place this mixture in a sealed bag or container and discard it in the regular trash. However, it is still recommended to consult with a professional or follow specific guidelines in your area to ensure proper disposal.

In case of emergency/overdose

In case of an emergency or accidental overdose, it is important to seek immediate medical attention. Contact your local emergency services or go to the nearest emergency room. Be sure to bring the medication packaging or any remaining pills with you to provide necessary information to the healthcare professionals.

What other information should I know?

There are a few other important points to keep in mind:

• Follow the prescribed dosage and schedule recommended by your healthcare provider. Do not change the dosage or stop taking isoniazid without consulting them first.
• Inform your healthcare provider about any other medications, supplements, or herbal remedies you are taking, as certain medications can interact with isoniazid.
• Attend all follow-up appointments and laboratory tests as advised by your healthcare provider to monitor your progress and check for any potential side effects.
• Complete the full course of treatment, even if you start feeling better before completing the prescribed duration. Prematurely stopping the medication can lead to treatment failure and potential drug resistance.

Remember, the information provided here is not exhaustive, and it’s important to consult your healthcare provider or refer to the medication package insert for comprehensive and up-to-date instructions specific to your situation.

Please note that the information provided here is for general knowledge and should not replace the specific instructions and advice given by your healthcare provider.