WARNING

Glumetza is a medication primarily prescribed for type 2 diabetes to help control blood sugar levels. As with any medication, there are potential risks associated with taking Glumetza. Some of these risks include:

• Hypoglycemia: Glumetza can sometimes lower blood sugar levels too much, leading to hypoglycemia, which can cause symptoms such as sweating, shakiness, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness.
• Gastrointestinal Issues: Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach discomfort while taking Glumetza.
• Lactic Acidosis: Although rare, Glumetza can increase the risk of a serious condition called lactic acidosis, characterized by a buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream. Symptoms may include weakness, unusual muscle pain, difficulty breathing, stomach discomfort, and in severe cases, coma.
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Long-term use of Glumetza may lead to a deficiency in vitamin B12, which could result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, anemia, and neurological issues.
• Liver Function: Glumetza can affect liver function, particularly in individuals with pre-existing liver conditions. Liver function tests may need to be monitored regularly while taking this medication.
• Heart Health: Some studies suggest that Glumetza may have effects on heart health, although research findings have been mixed. It’s essential to discuss any pre-existing heart conditions with your healthcare provider before starting Glumetza.
• Allergic Reactions: In rare cases, individuals may experience allergic reactions to Glumetza, characterized by symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.

It’s crucial to discuss the potential risks and benefits of Glumetza with your healthcare provider before starting this medication. Additionally, it’s essential to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully and report any concerning symptoms promptly.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Glumetza is primarily prescribed for the management of type 2 diabetes. It belongs to a class of medications known as biguanides and contains the active ingredient metformin hydrochloride. Glumetza helps to control blood sugar levels by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity in the body’s cells.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by insulin resistance, where the body’s cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. Glumetza helps to lower blood sugar levels by increasing the uptake of glucose by the body’s cells and reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver.

How should this medicine be used?

Here’s how Glumetza is typically used:

• Dosage: The dosage of Glumetza can vary depending on individual factors such as age, medical condition, and response to treatment. It’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding dosage carefully.
• Administration: Glumetza is usually taken by mouth with meals once or twice daily. The extended-release tablets should be swallowed whole and not crushed, chewed, or broken.
• Monitoring: Your healthcare provider may regularly monitor your blood sugar levels and may adjust your Glumetza dosage as needed to achieve optimal glycemic control.
• Lifestyle Changes: Glumetza is often prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for type 2 diabetes, which may include dietary changes, regular exercise, weight management, and other medications.
• Compliance: It’s essential to take Glumetza exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Skipping doses or taking more than the prescribed amount can lead to complications or ineffective treatment.
• Regular Check-ups: Your healthcare provider may schedule regular check-ups to monitor your response to Glumetza and assess for any potential side effects or complications.

It’s important to note that Glumetza is typically used to treat type 2 diabetes and is not recommended for use in type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. Additionally, it should not be used as the sole treatment for diabetes but rather as part of a comprehensive management plan. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice and treatment recommendations.

Other uses for this medicine

These off-label uses might include:

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Glumetza is sometimes prescribed off-label to help manage symptoms of PCOS, such as insulin resistance and irregular menstrual cycles.
• Gestational Diabetes: In some cases, Glumetza may be prescribed off-label for the management of gestational diabetes under the close supervision of a healthcare provider.
• Weight Loss: Some studies suggest that metformin may aid in weight loss in individuals with obesity, particularly those with insulin resistance. However, its effectiveness for this purpose is still under investigation.

What special precautions should I follow?

As for special precautions when taking Glumetza, here are some important points to consider:

• Kidney Function: Before starting Glumetza, your healthcare provider may assess your kidney function, as impaired kidney function can affect how your body processes the medication. Glumetza may not be suitable for individuals with significant renal impairment.
• Liver Function: Glumetza can affect liver function, so it’s essential to inform your healthcare provider if you have liver disease or a history of liver problems.
• Alcohol: Consumption of alcohol while taking Glumetza can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a potentially serious condition. It’s generally advisable to limit alcohol intake or avoid it altogether while on this medication.
• Surgery and Imaging Tests: If you are scheduled for surgery or certain imaging tests (such as CT scans or MRIs) involving contrast dye, inform your healthcare provider that you are taking Glumetza. You may need to temporarily stop taking the medication before the procedure and restart it afterward, depending on your doctor’s instructions.
• Hypoglycemia: Glumetza can sometimes cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Be aware of the symptoms of hypoglycemia and how to treat it, especially if you are also taking other medications that can lower blood sugar.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, discuss the risks and benefits of Glumetza with your healthcare provider. It’s essential to closely monitor blood sugar levels during pregnancy and adjust treatment as necessary.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and guidance regarding the use of Glumetza, and don’t hesitate to ask any questions or express concerns you may have about the medication.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Regarding special dietary instructions for Glumetza:

• Meal Timing: Take Glumetza with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Following a consistent meal schedule can also help stabilize blood sugar levels.
• Carbohydrate Intake: Monitor your carbohydrate intake and aim for a balanced diet. Glumetza helps control blood sugar levels by reducing glucose production in the liver, so maintaining a steady intake of carbohydrates throughout the day can help optimize its effects.
• Avoid Alcohol: Limit alcohol consumption, as it can interfere with blood sugar control and increase the risk of lactic acidosis when combined with Glumetza.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget to take a dose of Glumetza:

• Take it as soon as you remember: If it’s within a few hours of your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time.
• Do not double up: Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one. Taking too much Glumetza at once can increase the risk of side effects.
• Resume regular dosing: Resume your regular dosing schedule and continue taking Glumetza as prescribed by your healthcare provider.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Glumetza, like any medication, can cause side effects. Not everyone will experience these side effects, and their severity can vary from person to person. Common side effects of Glumetza may include:

• Gastrointestinal Upset: This is one of the most common side effects and may include symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and loss of appetite.
• Metallic Taste: Some people may experience a metallic taste in the mouth, particularly when starting Glumetza treatment.
• Hypoglycemia: Glumetza can sometimes lower blood sugar levels too much, leading to hypoglycemia. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include sweating, shakiness, confusion, dizziness, and hunger.
• Lactic Acidosis: Although rare, lactic acidosis is a potentially serious side effect of Glumetza. Symptoms may include weakness, unusual muscle pain, difficulty breathing, stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting, and in severe cases, coma.
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Long-term use of Glumetza may lead to a deficiency in vitamin B12, which could result in symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, anemia, and neurological issues.
• Skin Reactions: Some individuals may experience skin reactions such as rash, itching, or redness.
• Liver Function Changes: Glumetza can affect liver function, and in rare cases, it may cause liver problems. Symptoms of liver problems may include yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, abdominal pain, and unusual fatigue.
• Respiratory Tract Infections: There have been reports of respiratory tract infections such as flu-like symptoms occurring in individuals taking Glumetza.

It’s important to note that this is not a complete list of side effects, and other side effects may occur. Additionally, some side effects may require medical attention, while others may improve as your body adjusts to the medication. If you experience any bothersome or persistent side effects while taking Glumetza, it’s important to contact your healthcare provider for further guidance.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal:

Storage:

• Store Glumetza at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
• Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed, and out of reach of children and pets.
• Do not store Glumetza in the bathroom or kitchen where it may be exposed to moisture or heat.
• Check the expiration date on the medication label and do not use expired medication.

Disposal:

• Dispose of expired or unused Glumetza tablets properly according to local regulations or guidelines.
• Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so.
• If you are unsure about how to dispose of Glumetza, consult your pharmacist or healthcare provider for guidance.

In case of emergency/overdose

• In case of an overdose of Glumetza, seek emergency medical attention or contact your local poison control center immediately.
• Symptoms of an overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, and difficulty breathing.
• Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.

What other information should I know?

• Inform all healthcare providers involved in your care that you are taking Glumetza, including dentists and pharmacists.
• Attend regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your response to Glumetza and assess for any potential side effects or complications.
• Keep a record of your blood sugar levels and any symptoms you experience while taking Glumetza, and discuss them with your healthcare provider during appointments.
• Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding dietary and lifestyle changes, medication dosage, and other aspects of your diabetes management plan.

Always consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have any questions or concerns about the storage, disposal, emergency procedures, or other aspects of taking Glumetza.