WARNING

Glucophage, also known as metformin, is a common medication prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes. While it is generally safe and effective for many people, there are some risks associated with its use:

• Gastrointestinal side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort are common side effects, especially when starting the medication or with higher doses. These symptoms usually improve over time.
• Lactic acidosis: Although rare, metformin can sometimes lead to a serious condition called lactic acidosis, which is characterized by a buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream. This is more likely to occur in individuals with kidney or liver problems, heart failure, severe infections, or those taking certain medications.
• Hypoglycemia: While metformin itself does not usually cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), it can increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with other diabetes medications that do lower blood sugar, such as insulin or sulfonylureas.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency: Long-term use of metformin has been associated with lower levels of vitamin B12 in some people. This can lead to symptoms such as anemia, neuropathy, and megaloblastic anemia.
• Other side effects: Some individuals may experience other side effects such as headache, metallic taste in the mouth, decreased appetite, and weakness.

It’s important for individuals taking Glucophage to be aware of these potential risks and to discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider. Regular monitoring of kidney function, blood sugar levels, and vitamin B12 levels may be recommended for those on long-term therapy.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Glucophage, also known as metformin, is prescribed for several reasons related to the management of type 2 diabetes:

• Lowering blood sugar levels: Glucophage helps control blood sugar levels by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and improving the body’s response to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar.
• Improving insulin sensitivity: It makes the body’s cells more sensitive to insulin, allowing them to better utilize glucose for energy.
• Managing weight: Glucophage may lead to modest weight loss in some individuals, which can be beneficial for those who are overweight or obese and have type 2 diabetes.
• Preventing complications: By helping to control blood sugar levels, Glucophage may reduce the risk of long-term complications associated with diabetes, such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision problems.
• Combination therapy: It is often used in combination with other diabetes medications, such as sulfonylureas, insulin, or other oral hypoglycemic agents, to achieve better blood sugar control.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Glucophage may also be prescribed to manage symptoms of PCOS, a hormonal disorder that can cause irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, and other metabolic issues.

Overall, Glucophage is an important medication in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and related conditions, helping to improve blood sugar control and reduce the risk of complications.

How should this medicine be used?

Here’s how Glucophage is typically used:

• Dosage: The dosage of Glucophage varies depending on factors such as the individual’s age, medical condition, kidney function, and response to treatment. It’s usually started at a low dose and gradually increased over time.
• Administration: Glucophage is usually taken orally with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. It comes in different forms such as tablets, extended-release tablets, and oral solution.
• Frequency: It’s typically taken 1-3 times daily, as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
• Regular monitoring: Individuals taking Glucophage should have regular check-ups with their healthcare provider to monitor their blood sugar levels, kidney function, and overall response to the medication.
• Lifestyle modifications: Along with taking Glucophage, lifestyle changes such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management are often recommended to improve diabetes management.

It’s crucial for individuals to take Glucophage exactly as prescribed by their healthcare provider and to not adjust the dosage or stop taking it without consulting a healthcare professional. Skipping doses or stopping the medication abruptly can lead to uncontrolled blood sugar levels and potential complications.

Other uses for this medicine

Other Uses for Glucophage (Metformin):

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Glucophage is sometimes prescribed to treat PCOS, particularly in women who have insulin resistance.
• Weight Management: Some studies suggest that metformin may aid in weight loss or weight management, especially in individuals with insulin resistance or prediabetes.
• Gestational Diabetes: In some cases, Glucophage may be used to manage gestational diabetes, although insulin is often the primary treatment for this condition.
• Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Metformin may be prescribed for individuals with prediabetes to help prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes, particularly for those at high risk.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special precautions should be taken when using Glucophage. Here are some important considerations:

• Kidney function: Before starting Glucophage therapy, your healthcare provider may perform tests to assess your kidney function. This is important because impaired kidney function can affect how your body processes the medication, increasing the risk of lactic acidosis.
• Liver function: Glucophage is primarily eliminated from the body through the kidneys, but a small percentage is metabolized by the liver. Individuals with liver problems may need dosage adjustments or close monitoring while taking Glucophage.
• Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of lactic acidosis when combined with Glucophage. It’s important to limit alcohol intake or avoid it altogether while taking this medication.
• Contrast dye: If you are scheduled to undergo a procedure that involves the use of contrast dye (such as a CT scan or angiogram), inform your healthcare provider if you are taking Glucophage. It may need to be temporarily discontinued before the procedure to reduce the risk of kidney damage.
• Hypoglycemia: While Glucophage itself does not typically cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), taking it in combination with other diabetes medications that lower blood sugar levels (such as insulin or sulfonylureas) can increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Be aware of the signs and symptoms of low blood sugar and how to treat it.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency: Long-term use of Glucophage has been associated with lower levels of vitamin B12 in some individuals. Your healthcare provider may monitor your B12 levels periodically and recommend supplementation if necessary.
• Surgery and medical procedures: If you are scheduled for surgery or any medical procedures, inform the healthcare professionals involved that you are taking Glucophage. They may advise you to temporarily discontinue the medication before the procedure.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and inform them of any other medications, supplements, or medical conditions you have before starting Glucophage therapy.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Regarding special dietary instructions:

• Consistent carbohydrate intake: Try to maintain a consistent intake of carbohydrates throughout the day to help stabilize blood sugar levels.
• Healthy diet: Follow a balanced and healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit intake of sugary and processed foods.
• Timing of meals: Take Glucophage with meals to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you forget a dose of Glucophage:

• Take it as soon as you remember: If it’s not too close to your next scheduled dose, take the missed dose immediately.
• Skip the missed dose if it’s almost time for your next dose: Do not double up on doses to make up for the missed one. Just continue with your regular dosing schedule.
• Consult your healthcare provider: If you’re unsure about what to do, or if you’ve missed multiple doses, contact your healthcare provider for guidance.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Glucophage (metformin) can cause various side effects, although not everyone experiences them. Common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, and bloating are among the most common side effects of Glucophage. These symptoms often occur when starting the medication or when the dosage is increased, but they may improve over time.
• Taste disturbances: Some people may experience a metallic taste in the mouth while taking Glucophage.
• Loss of appetite: Glucophage can sometimes reduce appetite, leading to decreased food intake.
• Hypoglycemia: While Glucophage itself does not usually cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), taking it with other diabetes medications that lower blood sugar levels can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
• Lactic acidosis: Although rare, lactic acidosis is a serious side effect of Glucophage. It occurs when there’s a buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, leading to symptoms such as weakness, muscle pain, difficulty breathing, abdominal discomfort, and unusual tiredness. Lactic acidosis requires immediate medical attention.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency: Long-term use of Glucophage has been associated with lower levels of vitamin B12 in some individuals, which can lead to symptoms such as anemia, neuropathy, and megaloblastic anemia.
• Skin reactions: Rarely, Glucophage may cause skin reactions such as rash, itching, or hives.
• Decreased absorption of vitamin B12 and folic acid: Prolonged use of Glucophage may interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12 and folic acid, leading to deficiencies over time.

It’s essential to discuss any concerns or side effects with your healthcare provider, as they can provide guidance on managing them or adjusting your treatment regimen if necessary. Additionally, if you experience any symptoms of lactic acidosis or severe side effects while taking Glucophage, seek immediate medical attention.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal:

• Storage: Store Glucophage tablets at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Avoid storing it in the bathroom. Ensure the medication is kept out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal: Dispose of expired or unused Glucophage tablets properly according to local regulations or guidelines. Do not flush medications down the toilet or pour them into a drain unless instructed to do so. Consult a pharmacist or local waste disposal company for proper disposal instructions.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Seek medical attention: If you suspect an overdose or experience symptoms such as severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, difficulty breathing, or unconsciousness, seek immediate medical help.
• Lactic acidosis: Overdose of Glucophage can lead to lactic acidosis, a serious condition that requires prompt medical treatment. If you or someone else has taken too much Glucophage, seek emergency medical assistance immediately.

What other information should I know?

• Regular monitoring: It’s important to have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your response to Glucophage therapy. This may include periodic blood tests to assess kidney function, blood sugar levels, and other parameters.
• Medical alert: Inform healthcare providers, including emergency personnel and dentists, that you are taking Glucophage. Carry a medical identification card or wear a bracelet indicating that you have diabetes and are taking Glucophage.
• Avoid alcohol: Limit or avoid alcohol consumption while taking Glucophage, as it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis and other side effects.
• Consult healthcare provider: Always consult your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about Glucophage, including its dosage, side effects, interactions with other medications, or any changes in your health status.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Glucophage use during pregnancy may be necessary for some women with diabetes, but it’s important to discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.
• Missed doses: If you miss a dose of Glucophage, take it as soon as you remember unless it’s almost time for your next dose. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and guidance regarding the use of Glucophage and any other medications.