Why is this medication prescribed?

Cephalexin, a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, is commonly prescribed to treat various bacterial infections, including:

• Respiratory tract infections: Such as throat infections (pharyngitis), tonsillitis, and bronchitis.
• Skin infections: Including cellulitis, folliculitis, and impetigo.
• Ear infections: Such as otitis media (middle ear infection).
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Including cystitis (bladder infection).
• Bone infections: Such as osteomyelitis.
• Joint infections: Such as septic arthritis.
• Soft tissue infections: Such as wound infections.
• Other infections: Cephalexin may also be used to prevent infections in people at risk, such as those undergoing surgery.

It’s important to note that cephalexin is effective against bacterial infections but not against viral infections like the common cold or flu.

How should this medicine be used?

Cephalexin is usually taken orally (by mouth) and comes in the form of capsules or liquid suspension. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient’s age and medical condition. Here are general guidelines:

• Dosage: Your healthcare provider will prescribe a specific dose. It’s important to take the medication exactly as directed.
• Frequency: Cephalexin is typically taken every 6 or 12 hours, depending on the severity of the infection.
• Duration: The course of treatment is usually 7 to 14 days, but this can vary based on the infection being treated and the individual response to the medication. It’s important to complete the full course of antibiotics even if you start feeling better, to ensure the infection is completely eradicated.
• Administration: Cephalexin capsules should be swallowed whole with a full glass of water. The liquid suspension should be shaken well before each dose, and the dose measured with a special dose-measuring spoon or medicine cup.
• Timing: It’s generally recommended to take cephalexin at evenly spaced intervals throughout the day to maintain a consistent level of the medication in your bloodstream.
• Food: Cephalexin can be taken with or without food. However, taking it with food may help reduce the risk of stomach upset.
• Follow-up: Your doctor may schedule follow-up visits to monitor your progress and response to the medication.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions and inform them of any other medications you are taking or any medical conditions you have, to avoid potential interactions or complications. If you have any concerns or experience side effects while taking cephalexin, contact your healthcare provider promptly.

Other uses for this medicine

• Prophylactic Use: Cephalexin may be used to prevent certain infections, particularly in individuals at risk due to surgery or medical procedures.
• Off-label Uses: In some cases, healthcare providers may prescribe cephalexin for infections not listed in official guidelines, based on their clinical judgment and experience.

What special precautions should I follow?

Special Precautions for Cephalexin:

• Allergies: Inform your doctor if you have any allergies, especially to antibiotics like cephalosporins or penicillins. A history of allergy to these medications may increase the risk of an allergic reaction to cephalexin.
• Kidney Function: Cephalexin is primarily eliminated by the kidneys. If you have impaired kidney function, your doctor may need to adjust your dosage to prevent the accumulation of the medication in your body.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Cephalexin is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but your doctor will weigh the risks and benefits before prescribing it.
• Drug Interactions: Cephalexin may interact with other medications, including probenecid (used to treat gout) and certain blood-thinning medications. Inform your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and supplements you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
• Side Effects: Common side effects of cephalexin include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach upset. Serious side effects such as severe allergic reactions (difficulty breathing, rash, swelling) are rare but require immediate medical attention.
• Completion of Treatment: Finish the full course of cephalexin as prescribed by your doctor, even if you start feeling better. Stopping antibiotics prematurely can lead to the recurrence of infection or the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
• Monitoring: Your doctor may perform periodic tests to monitor your response to cephalexin and to check for any potential side effects or complications.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions carefully when taking cephalexin or any medication. If you have questions or concerns, do not hesitate to discuss them with your doctor or pharmacist.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Cephalexin can be taken with or without food. However, if you experience stomach upset, taking it with food may help alleviate this symptom. There are no specific dietary restrictions associated with cephalexin, but maintaining a healthy diet can support your overall health and immune function, aiding in recovery from infections.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of cephalexin, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Cephalexin, like any medication, can cause side effects. Not everyone experiences these side effects, and their severity can vary. Common side effects of cephalexin include:

• Gastrointestinal Effects: The most common side effects are gastrointestinal in nature, including:
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Stomach upset or pain
• Allergic Reactions: While rare, some individuals may experience allergic reactions to cephalexin, which can range from mild to severe. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include:
  • Rash or itching
  • Swelling, especially of the face, throat, or tongue
  • Severe dizziness
  • Trouble breathing

  If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention.

• Other Possible Side Effects: Less common side effects of cephalexin may include:
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Joint pain
  • Vaginal itching or discharge
• Serious Side Effects: Although rare, cephalexin can sometimes cause more serious side effects that require medical attention. These may include:
  • Severe watery or bloody diarrhea (potentially indicating a severe intestinal condition like Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea)
  • Seizures
  • Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Unusual bruising or bleeding

It’s important to note that the above lists are not exhaustive. Different individuals may react differently to medications, so if you experience any unusual symptoms or side effects while taking cephalexin, it’s essential to contact your healthcare provider promptly. They can evaluate your condition and determine the appropriate course of action.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Cephalexin:

• Storage: Store cephalexin capsules or liquid suspension at room temperature, away from light and moisture. Keep it out of reach of children and pets.
• Disposal: Dispose of any unused cephalexin according to local guidelines or through a medicine take-back program if available. Do not flush medications down the toilet unless instructed to do so. Proper disposal helps prevent accidental ingestion by children and pets and avoids environmental contamination.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Emergency: If you suspect an overdose or have serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, call emergency services (911 in the US) immediately.
• Overdose: Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as managing symptoms and ensuring adequate hydration. It’s important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect an overdose.

What other information should I know?

• Effectiveness: Cephalexin is effective against bacterial infections but not viral infections like the common cold or flu. It should only be used to treat infections caused by bacteria as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
• Completion of Treatment: Finish the entire course of cephalexin prescribed by your doctor, even if you start feeling better. Stopping antibiotics prematurely can lead to the recurrence of infection or the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
• Follow-up: Your healthcare provider may schedule follow-up visits to monitor your progress and response to cephalexin. Be sure to attend these appointments as recommended.
• Missed Doses: If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
• Drug Interactions: Inform your doctor about all medications, vitamins, and supplements you are taking, as cephalexin can interact with other drugs. This includes over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements.
• Allergic Reactions: If you have a history of allergies to cephalosporins, penicillins, or other antibiotics, inform your doctor before starting cephalexin. Monitor for signs of an allergic reaction while taking the medication.
• Storage: Keep cephalexin in its original packaging and away from moisture and heat. Do not store it in the bathroom or near sinks.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Your doctor will weigh the risks and benefits before prescribing cephalexin during these times.

By understanding and adhering to these guidelines, you can use cephalexin safely and effectively to treat bacterial infections as prescribed by your healthcare provider. If you have any questions or concerns about your medication, don’t hesitate to consult your doctor or pharmacist for clarification.