WARNING

Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor commonly used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and kidney problems. While generally safe and effective, it does carry some risks:

• Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension): Especially when starting the medication or increasing the dose, Captopril can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, leading to dizziness, fainting, or weakness.
• Hyperkalemia: Captopril can increase potassium levels in the blood, which can be dangerous, especially in patients with kidney problems or those taking other medications that also increase potassium levels.
• Kidney Dysfunction: ACE inhibitors like Captopril can affect kidney function, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or those taking other medications that impact the kidneys.
• Angioedema: This is a rare but serious side effect characterized by swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often around the eyes and lips. It can obstruct the airways and requires immediate medical attention.
• Cough: A persistent dry cough can occur in some patients taking Captopril. It typically resolves when the medication is discontinued.
• Allergic Reactions: Some people may experience allergic reactions ranging from mild rashes to severe reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
• Fetal Toxicity: Captopril should not be used during pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the fetus, including fetal death and congenital malformations.
• Interactions: Captopril can interact with other medications, such as potassium-sparing diuretics, leading to increased potassium levels, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can reduce its effectiveness.

It’s crucial for patients to take Captopril exactly as prescribed and to discuss any concerns or side effects with their healthcare provider promptly.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Captopril is prescribed primarily for the following conditions:

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): It helps lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood.
• Heart Failure: Captopril can improve symptoms and increase survival rates in patients with heart failure by reducing the workload on the heart and improving its function.
• Kidney Problems: It may be used to treat kidney disease related to diabetes or high blood pressure by reducing the amount of protein that leaks out of the kidneys.
• After Heart Attack: Captopril can be used to improve survival and reduce the risk of another heart attack in patients who have recently had a heart attack.
• Left Ventricular Dysfunction: It may also be prescribed to improve survival and reduce symptoms in patients with certain types of left ventricular dysfunction.

How should this medicine be used?

When taking Captopril, it’s important to follow these special precautions:

• Pregnancy: Captopril is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the risk of fetal harm, including fetal death and congenital malformations. If you become pregnant while taking Captopril, notify your doctor immediately.
• Kidney Function: Captopril can affect kidney function, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or those taking other medications that affect the kidneys. Regular monitoring of kidney function is essential.
• Hyperkalemia: Captopril can increase potassium levels in the blood, particularly in patients with kidney problems or those taking potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics. Avoid potassium supplements unless specifically instructed by your doctor.
• Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure): Captopril can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially when starting the medication or increasing the dose. This can lead to dizziness, fainting, or falls, particularly in elderly patients.
• Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Captopril, ranging from mild rash to severe reactions like angioedema (swelling of deeper layers of skin). Seek medical attention immediately if you experience symptoms of angioedema, such as swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Cough: A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like Captopril. If the cough becomes bothersome, consult your doctor.
• Interactions: Captopril can interact with other medications, including potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and certain antibiotics. Inform your doctor and pharmacist about all medications you are taking to avoid interactions.
• Surgery: Inform healthcare providers that you are taking Captopril before undergoing surgery or anesthesia, as it may affect blood pressure control during the procedure.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions carefully, attend regular follow-up appointments, and promptly report any new symptoms or concerns while taking Captopril.

Other uses for this medicine

• Salt Intake: Limiting salt (sodium) intake can help enhance the effectiveness of Captopril in managing blood pressure. Follow your doctor’s advice regarding dietary salt restrictions.
• Potassium: Avoid high-potassium foods and supplements unless advised otherwise by your doctor, especially if you are at risk of hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).
• Other Considerations: Maintain a balanced diet with adequate intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support overall cardiovascular health.

What special precautions should I follow?

When taking Captopril, it’s important to follow these special precautions:

• Pregnancy: Captopril is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the risk of fetal harm, including fetal death and congenital malformations. If you become pregnant while taking Captopril, notify your doctor immediately.
• Kidney Function: Captopril can affect kidney function, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or those taking other medications that affect the kidneys. Regular monitoring of kidney function is essential.
• Hyperkalemia: Captopril can increase potassium levels in the blood, particularly in patients with kidney problems or those taking potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics. Avoid potassium supplements unless specifically instructed by your doctor.
• Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure): Captopril can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially when starting the medication or increasing the dose. This can lead to dizziness, fainting, or falls, particularly in elderly patients.
• Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to Captopril, ranging from mild rash to severe reactions like angioedema (swelling of deeper layers of skin). Seek medical attention immediately if you experience symptoms of angioedema, such as swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Cough: A persistent dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like Captopril. If the cough becomes bothersome, consult your doctor.
• Interactions: Captopril can interact with other medications, including potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and certain antibiotics. Inform your doctor and pharmacist about all medications you are taking to avoid interactions.
• Surgery: Inform healthcare providers that you are taking Captopril before undergoing surgery or anesthesia, as it may affect blood pressure control during the procedure.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions carefully, attend regular follow-up appointments, and promptly report any new symptoms or concerns while taking Captopril.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

• Salt Intake: Limiting salt (sodium) intake can help enhance the effectiveness of Captopril in managing blood pressure. Follow your doctor’s advice regarding dietary salt restrictions.
• Potassium: Avoid high-potassium foods and supplements unless advised otherwise by your doctor, especially if you are at risk of hyperkalemia (high potassium levels).
• Alcohol: Limit alcohol intake, as it can lower blood pressure and may enhance the side effects of Captopril.
• Other Considerations: Maintain a balanced diet with adequate intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support overall cardiovascular health.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

If you miss a dose of Captopril, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Captopril, which is an ACE inhibitor used primarily to treat high blood pressure and heart failure, can cause several side effects. These can include:

• Common Side Effects:
  • Cough
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Skin rash
• Less Common but Serious Side Effects:
  • Angioedema (swelling of the deeper layers of the skin, often around the eyes and lips)
  • Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels in the blood)
  • Hypotension (low blood pressure)
  • Acute renal failure (especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease)
  • Neutropenia (a decrease in a type of white blood cell)
• Rare Side Effects:
  • Liver dysfunction or hepatitis
  • Pancreatitis
  • Agranulocytosis (severe decrease in white blood cells)
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome (a severe skin reaction)
• Other Considerations:
  • Captopril can interact with other medications, especially potassium supplements, diuretics (water pills), and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), potentially increasing the risk of side effects.

It’s essential for individuals taking Captopril to be aware of these potential side effects and to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.

What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?

Storage and Disposal of Captopril:

• Storage: Store Captopril tablets at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep the medication in its original container with the lid tightly closed.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused Captopril tablets properly by following local guidelines or using a drug take-back program if available. Do not flush medications down the toilet unless instructed to do so.

In case of emergency/overdose

• Overdose Symptoms: Symptoms of Captopril overdose may include extreme dizziness, fainting, weakness, or severe drowsiness.
• What to Do: If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Call your local poison control center (1-800-222-1222 in the United States) or go to the nearest emergency room. Be prepared to provide information such as the amount ingested, time of ingestion, and the person’s age and weight.

What other information should I know?

• Regular Monitoring: Your doctor may recommend regular blood pressure checks and blood tests to monitor your response to Captopril and check for any potential side effects, such as changes in kidney function or electrolyte levels.
• Medication Adherence: Take Captopril exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Missing doses or stopping the medication suddenly can affect its effectiveness in controlling your condition.
• Follow-up: Attend scheduled follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to assess your progress and adjust treatment if necessary.
• Avoid Alcohol: Limit alcohol consumption while taking Captopril, as it can lower blood pressure and increase the risk of side effects.
• Interactions: Inform your doctor about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking, as they may interact with Captopril and affect its efficacy or safety.
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Captopril is not recommended during pregnancy due to potential harm to the fetus. It may also pass into breast milk, so consult your doctor before breastfeeding while taking this medication.
• Driving and Activities: Be cautious when driving or operating machinery, especially when starting Captopril or changing the dose, as it can cause dizziness or drowsiness.
• Lifestyle Changes: In addition to taking Captopril, lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, healthy diet, weight management, and stress reduction can help improve blood pressure control and overall cardiovascular health.

By following these guidelines and staying informed about your medication, you can maximize the benefits of Captopril while minimizing potential risks and complications.